Sleep and the functional connectome
Open accessAbstract
Sleep and the functional connectome are research areas with considerable overlap. Neuroimaging studies of sleep based on EEG-PET and EEG-fMRI are revealing the brain networks that support sleep, as well as networks that may support the roles and processes attributed to sleep. For example, phenomena such as arousal and consciousness are substantially modulated during sleep, and one would expect this modulation to be reflected in altered network activity. In addition, recent work suggests that sleep also has a number of adaptive functions that support waking activity. Thus the study of sleep may elucidate the circuits and processes that support waking function and complement information obtained from fMRI during waking conditions. In this review, we will discuss examples of this for memory, arousal, and consciousness after providing a brief background on sleep and on studying it with fMRI.
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DMN functional connectivity changes across sleep stages, severely weakening during deep NREM sleep and increasing to a hyper-associated state during REM sleep.
“With regards to sleep, studies have found that DMN functional connectivity changes across the sleep stages,29 severely weakening during deep NREM sleep (which is typically associated with no or little dream recall) and conversely increasing to a hyper-associated state during REM sleep – the sleep stage from which the proportion of dream recall upon awakening is highest.”
From High Dream Recall Frequency is Associated with Increased Creativity and Default Mode Network Connectivity (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In “Consciousness and the descent to sleep,” the paper reports reduced connectivity between the PCC and MPFC during N2 and further decoupling during N3. It also reports strengthened connectivity between parietal DMN nodes in N3, so the claim that DMN connectivity severely weakens overall is too broad. The same section calls REM findings inconclusive, citing both increased and decreased connectivity; it does not establish a REM “hyper-associated state.” (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe proportion of dream recall upon awakening is highest from REM sleep.
“With regards to sleep, studies have found that DMN functional connectivity changes across the sleep stages,29 severely weakening during deep NREM sleep (which is typically associated with no or little dream recall) and conversely increasing to a hyper-associated state during REM sleep – the sleep stage from which the proportion of dream recall upon awakening is highest.”
From High Dream Recall Frequency is Associated with Increased Creativity and Default Mode Network Connectivity (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
The “REM sleep” section links REM to dream imagery, and “Sleep and Consciousness” describes awareness as high during REM. Neither reports dream-recall rates upon awakening or compares recall across sleep stages; searches for those terms found no such passage in our copy. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResting-state networks persist even during sleep and under anaesthesia.
“These “resting-state networks” (RSNs) persist even during sleep and under anaesthesia [3]”
From Functional connectomics from resting-state fMRI (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“These include the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC; center of mass in MNI coordinates: 1, −61, 38), the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC; 1, 55, −3) and bilateral Lateral Parietal cortices (LP; left: −39, −77, 33, right: 47, −67, 29).”
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- Authors
- Picchioni, D., Duyn, J. H., & Horovitz, S. G.
- Affiliations
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horovitz, Silvina G.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 387-396
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3733088
- OpenAlex
- W2028809802
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 NS999999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep, functional connectome, sleep and memory, arousal, consciousness, EEG-fMRI, brain networks
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Brain, Consciousness, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Anatomic, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Sleep, Connectome
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