Neural correlates of word production stages delineated by parametric modulation of psycholinguistic variables
Open accessAbstract
Word production is a complex multistage process linking conceptual representations, lexical entries, phonological forms and articulation. Previous studies have revealed a network of predominantly left-lateralized brain regions supporting this process, but many details regarding the precise functions of different nodes in this network remain unclear. To better delineate the functions of regions involved in word production, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain areas where blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to overt picture naming were modulated by three psycholinguistic variables: concept familiarity, word frequency, and word length, and one behavioral variable: reaction time. Each of these variables has been suggested by prior studies to be associated with different aspects of word production. Processing of less familiar concepts was associated with greater BOLD responses in bilateral occipitotemporal regions, reflecting visual processing and conceptual preparation. Lower frequency words produced greater BOLD signal in left inferior temporal cortex and the left temporoparietal junction, suggesting involvement of these regions in lexical selection and retrieval and encoding of phonological codes. Word length was positively correlated with signal intensity in Heschl's gyrus bilaterally, extending into the mid-superior temporal gyrus (STG) and sulcus (STS) in the left hemisphere. The left mid-STS site was also modulated by reaction time, suggesting a role in the storage of lexical phonological codes.
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When word retrieval becomes more demanding in the context of minimal semantic constraints, activation is reported at the left temporoparietal junction.
“When word retrieval became more demanding, in the context of minimal semantic constraints, activation was reported at the left temporoparietal junction, for example, when producing picture names with low relative to high word frequency (Graves et al., 2007; Wilson et al., 2009), for words which lack a phonological neighbour (Peramunage et al., 2011) and in the presence of phonological relative to”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Wilson et al., 2009
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“This study, thus, provides much stronger support than previous studies for an involvement of anterior to mid temporal regions in lemma selection, which had been called into question by some authors (e.g., Wilson et al., 2009).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wilson, S. M., Isenberg, A. L., & Hickok, G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-04-13
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3596-3608
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC2767422
- OpenAlex
- W2121406514
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, Irvine
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC009659, R01DC003681)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- word production, picture naming, neural correlates, word frequency, word length, reaction time, word retrieval, phonological encoding, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus, Heschl's gyrus, left hemisphere lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psycholinguistics, Reaction Time, Speech, Linear Models, Young Adult
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