fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition

Fiebach, Christian J.; Friederici, Angela D.; Müller, Karsten; Cramon, D. Yves von

doi:10.1162/089892902317205285

Cited by 518Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismFace Recognition and Perception

fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition

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Fiebach, Christian J., Friederici, Angela D., Müller, Karsten, Cramon, D. Yves von·2002·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/089892902317205285

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Abstract

Event-related fMRI was used to investigate lexical decisions to words of high and low frequency of occurrence and to pseudowords. The results obtained strongly support dual-route models of visual word processing. By contrasting words with pseudowords, bilateral occipito-temporal brain areas and posterior left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were identified as contributing to the successful mapping of orthographic percepts onto visual word form representations. Low-frequency words and pseudowords elicited greater activations than high-frequency words in the superior pars opercularis [Brodmann's area (BA) 44] of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in the anterior insula, and in the thalamus and caudate nucleus. As processing of these stimuli during lexical search is known to rely on phonological information, it is concluded that these brain regions are involved in grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. Activation in the pars triangularis (BA 45) of the left IFG was observed only for low-frequency words. It is proposed that this region is involved in processes of lexical selection.

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Activation in left posterior temporal and parietal cortices was higher for familiar words than pseudowords and for words with irregular compared to regular spellings.
“Other regions associated with the semantic reading route were the left posterior temporal and parietal cortices, where activation was higher for familiar words than pseudowords (Fiebach et al., 2002; Binder et al., 2003, 2005; Jobard et al., 2003; Ischebeck et al., 2004; Vigneau et al., 2005; Borowsky et al., 2006) and for words with irregular compared to regular spellings (Senaha et al., 2005;”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Fiebach et al., 2002
The VWFA is generally insensitive to factors that influence lexical access, such as contrasts between high- and low-frequency words, or between real and pseudowords.
“TheVWFAisgenerallyinsensitive to factors that influence lexical access, such as contrasts between high- and lowfrequency words [24], or between real and pseudowords, as revealed by event-related fMRI analyses [11,23,25].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [24]

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Self-citation

Authors: Fiebach, C. J., Friederici, A. D., Müller, K., & Cramon, D. Y. V.
Affiliations: Max Planck Society (DE)
ORCID: Fiebach, Christian J.
Friederici, Angela D.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2002-01-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-23
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/089892902317205285
OpenAlex: W2136243904
Cited by: 518
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 49.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Keywords: visual word recognition, mental lexicon, dual-route model, lexical decision, word frequency, pseudowords, grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, phonological processing, word choice, left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, occipitotemporal cortex, anterior insula, thalamus, caudate nucleus
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Occipital Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Phonetics, Reading, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways

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fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition

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