Cited by 390Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismSecond Language Acquisition and Learning

Effects of Lexicality, Frequency, and Spelling-to-Sound Consistency on the Functional Anatomy of Reading

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Fiez, Julie A., Balota, David A., Raichle, Marcus E., Petersen, Steven E.·1999·Neuron

Abstract

Functional neuroimaging was used to investigate three factors that affect reading performance: first, whether a stimulus is a word or pronounceable non-word (lexicality), second, how often a word is encountered (frequency), and third, whether the pronunciation has a predictable spelling-to-sound correspondence (consistency). Comparisons between word naming (reading) and visual fixation scans revealed stimulus-related activation differences in seven regions. A left frontal region showed effects of consistency and lexicality, indicating a role in orthographic to phonological transformation. Motor cortex showed an effect of consistency bilaterally, suggesting that motoric processes beyond high-level representations of word phonology influence reading performance. Implications for the integration of these results into theoretical models of word reading are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80833-8

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Authors
Fiez, J. A., Balota, D. A., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Fiez, Julie A.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-09
Volume
24
Issue
1
Pages
205-218
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2144810130
Cited by
390
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 25
FWCI
13.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ey008775-05)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 13851, P01HL013851)
  • National Eye Institute (EY-08775)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 06833)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Keywords
reading, lexicality, word frequency, word naming, visual fixation, left frontal cortex, motor cortex, word recognition
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Cerebellum, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Phonetics, Reading, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Vocabulary

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