Induction and quantification of prefrontal cortical network plasticity using 5 Hz rTMS and fMRI: RTMS-Induced Prefrontal Cortical Plasticity
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Neuronal plasticity is crucial for flexible interaction with a changing environment and its disruption is thought to contribute to psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive tool to increase local excitability of neurons and induce short-time functional reorganization of cortical networks. While this has been shown for the motor system, little is known about the short-term plasticity of networks for executive cognition in humans. We examined 12 healthy control subjects in a crossover study with fMRI after real and sham 5 Hz rTMS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). During scanning, subjects performed an n-back working memory (WM) task and a flanker task engaging cognitive control. Reaction times during the n-back task were significantly shorter after rTMS than after sham stimulation. RTMS compared with sham stimulation caused no activation changes at the stimulation site (right DLPFC) itself, but significantly increased connectivity within the WM network during n-back and reduced activation in the anterior cingulate cortex during the flanker task. Reduced reaction times after real stimulation support an excitatory effect of high-frequency rTMS. Our findings identified plastic changes in prefrontally connected networks downstream of the stimulation site as the substrate of this behavioral effect. Using a multimodal fMRI-rTMS approach, we could demonstrate changes in cortical plasticity in humans during executive cognition. In further studies this approach could be used to study pharmacological, genetic and disease-related alterations.
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In healthy controls, rTMS of SN nodes such as the dlPFC or dmPFC/dACC can enhance or inhibit impulse control on a delay-discounting task and improve cognitive processing on executive functioning tasks.
“In healthy controls, there is evidence that rTMS of SN nodes such as the dlPFC or dmPFC/dACC can enhance or inhibit impulse control as measured on a delay-discounting task (Cho et al., 2010, 2015; Figner et al., 2010), and improve cognitive processing on executive functioning tasks (Esslinger et al., 2014),”
From Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: A central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Esslinger et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Esslinger, C., Schüler, N., Sauer, C., Gass, D., Mier, D., Braun, U., Ochs, E., Schulze, T. G., Rietschel, M., Kirsch, P., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-09-11
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 140-151
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6868951
- OpenAlex
- W1958861424
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 636)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, cortical plasticity, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory, cognitive control, executive function, n-back task, flanker task, anterior cingulate cortex, network connectivity, short-term plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Reaction Time, Prefrontal Cortex, Cross-Over Studies, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult
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