The rare transcripts of interrupted rRNA genes in drosophila melanogaster are processed or degraded during synthesis
Open accessAbstract
About 50% of the ribosomal transcription units in females of the bobbed 8 mutant of Drosophila melanogaster contain an intervening sequence of 5 kb in the 28S region of the gene. We analysed the transcription of ribosomal genes in this mutant using electron microscopy and found that the majority of the active ribosomal transcription units in larval fat bodies and guts are not long enough to contain the 5-kb intervening sequence; only approximately 1% of active transcription units have a length consistent with the presence of the 5-kb intervening sequence. Transcription units of this length show an interrupted gradient of nascent RNA fibril lengths indicative of processing or degradation during transcription. The position of the discontinuity in RNA length coincides with the position of the intervening sequence. This observation suggests that even though RNA polymerase may infrequently transcribe an entire interrupted gene, the process does not result in a full-length RNA.
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Electron microscopy showed that the low level of R2 transcripts is mainly due to transcriptional repression of the entire rDNA units that contain insertions.
“Electron microscopy using the ‘Miller spreading technique’ (6) showed that the low level of R2 transcripts is mainly due to the transcriptional repression of the entire rDNA units, which contain insertions (51,52).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
The Results report that nearly all active transcription units in Drosophila bb-8 larvae lack the 5-kb insertion, supporting the inference that most insertion-containing rDNA units are inactive. The paper does not identify the insertion as R2 or establish that repression is the main cause of low R2 transcript levels; it also reports processing or degradation of the rare transcripts produced. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA substantial number of rDNA units in the D. melanogaster genome contain insertions of R1 and R2 retrotransposons usually causing these units to be expressed at very low levels.
“It has been known for several decades that a substantial number of rDNA units in the D. melanogaster genome contain insertions of R1 and R2 retrotransposons usually causing these units to be expressed at very low levels (47,48,51).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
The Results report that about half the rRNA genes in the D. melanogaster bb-8 mutant contain a 5-kb intervening sequence and that most such genes appear transcriptionally inactive. The paper does not identify those sequences as R1 and R2 retrotransposons; it says their nature cannot be unequivocally identified. Its finding in bb-8 larvae also does not establish the claimed prevalence across the D. melanogaster genome generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRepression of inserted rDNA repeats can occur through termination of transcription within the insertion sequence or due to transcriptional silencing of the entire rDNA unit.
“It has been previously shown that the repression of inserted rDNA repeats can occur through termination of transcription within the insertion sequence (50) or due to the transcriptional silencing of the entire rDNA unit (51).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Jamrich, M., & Miller, O. L.
- ORCID
- Miller, O.L.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 1984-07-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1541-1545
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC557556
- OpenAlex
- W1183297918
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- Drosophila melanogaster, rDNA transcription, 28S rRNA gene, introns, nascent RNA, RNA processing, RNA degradation, fat body, intestine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Female, Genes, Larva, Microscopy, Electron, RNA Polymerase I, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, RNA, Ribosomal, Transcription, Genetic
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