Repression of interrupted and intact rDNA by the SUMO pathway in drosophila melanogaster
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Abstract
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are essential components of the ribosome and are among the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. To ensure high rRNA level, eukaryotic genomes contain dozens to hundreds of rDNA genes, however, only a fraction of the rRNA genes seems to be active, while others are transcriptionally silent. We found that individual rDNA genes have high level of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in their expression in Drosophila melanogaster . Insertion of heterologous sequences into rDNA leads to repression associated with reduced expression in individual cells and decreased number of cells expressing rDNA with insertions. We found that SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) and SUMO ligase Ubc9 are required for efficient repression of interrupted rDNA units and variable expression of intact rDNA. Disruption of the SUMO pathway abolishes discrimination of interrupted and intact rDNAs and removes cell-to-cell heterogeneity leading to uniformly high expression of individual rDNA in single cells. Our results suggest that the SUMO pathway is responsible for both repression of interrupted units and control of intact rDNA expression.
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The effects upon SUMO knockdown cannot be explained solely through Udd or SL1-like functions, but apparently represent a more extensive release of rDNA transcription.
“Although Udd was found among nucleolar targets of SUMOylation (108), the effects upon SUMO knockdown cannot be explained solely through Udd or SL1-like functions, but apparently represent a more extensive release of rDNA transcription.”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [108]
Knockdowns of SUMO and SUMO ligase Ubc9 induce dramatic derepression of inserted rDNA units and, probably, activation of silent rDNA repeats lacking R1/R2 insertions.
“In parallel with our investigations, it was shown that knockdowns of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) and SUMO ligase Ubc9 induce dramatic derepression of inserted rDNA units and, probably, activation of silent rDNA repeats lacking R1/R2 insertions (108).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [108]
The loss of SUMO leads to a stronger derepression of R1 compared to R2 elements and increases the total pre-rRNA production.
“In particular, the loss of SUMO leads to a stronger derepression of R1 compared to R2 elements and increases the total pre-rRNA production (108).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [108]
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1 of the 112 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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The homeostatic regulation of ribosome biogenesis
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Maternally inherited siRNAs initiate piRNA cluster formation
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Piwi and piRNAs repress transcription of aberrant rRNA genes containing retrotransposon fragmentsPreprint
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- Authors
- Luo, Y., Fefelova, E., Ninova, M., Chen, Y.-C. A., & Aravin, A. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aravin, Alexei A
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2020-11-09
- Volume
- 9
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7676866
- OpenAlex
- W3098682203
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM097363)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Faculty Scholar Award)
- Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (14.W03.31.0007)
- NICHD (K99HD099316)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- ribosomal DNA, rDNA transcription, Ubc9, transcriptional repression, cellular heterogeneity, Drosophila melanogaster, gene silencing, single-cell gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9, Animals, DNA Transposable Elements, DNA, Ribosomal, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, Heterochromatin, Models, Genetic, Nuclear Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Transgenes, Genes, rRNA, Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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