Cited by 91Liver physiology and pathologyLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver Diseases and Immunity

Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis

Puche, Juan E., Saiman, Yedidya, Friedman, Scott L.·2013·Comprehensive Physiology

Abstract

Hepatic stellate cells are resident perisinusoidal cells distributed throughout the liver, with a remarkable range of functions in normal and injured liver. Derived embryologically from septum transversum mesenchyme, their precursors include submesothelial cells that invade the liver parenchyma from the hepatic capsule. In normal adult liver, their most characteristic feature is the presence of cytoplasmic perinuclear droplets that are laden with retinyl (vitamin A) esters. Normal stellate cells display several patterns of intermediate filaments expression (e.g., desmin, vimentin, and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein) suggesting that there are subpopulations within this parental cell type. In the normal liver, stellate cells participate in retinoid storage, vasoregulation through endothelial cell interactions, extracellular matrix homeostasis, drug detoxification, immunotolerance, and possibly the preservation of hepatocyte mass through secretion of mitogens including hepatocyte growth factor. During liver injury, stellate cells activate into alpha smooth muscle actin‐expressing contractile myofibroblasts, which contribute to vascular distortion and increased vascular resistance, thereby promoting portal hypertension. Other features of stellate cell activation include mitogen‐mediated proliferation, increased fibrogenesis driven by connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 1, amplified inflammation and immunoregulation, and altered matrix degradation. Evolving areas of interest in stellate cell biology seek to understand mechanisms of their clearance during fibrosis resolution by either apoptosis, senescence, or reversion, and their contribution to hepatic stem cell amplification, regeneration, and hepatocellular cancer. © 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:1473‐1492, 2013.

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Crossref · 10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00529.x

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Authors
Puche, J. E., Saiman, Y., & Friedman, S. L.
Affiliations
  • Universidad San Pablo CEU (ES)
  • Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Friedman, Scott L.
Venue
Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-10
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
1473-1492
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4409095387
Cited by
89
References
338
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
FWCI
1.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
Keywords
hepatic stellate cells, liver fibrosis, stellate cell activation, alpha-smooth muscle actin, myofibroblasts, intermediate filaments, extracellular matrix homeostasis, connective tissue growth factor, TGF-β1, fibrosis resolution, hepatocyte growth factor, portal hypertension, liver regeneration, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver injury

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