The topographical effect of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction
Open accessAbstract
Topographical cues play an important role in influencing cellular behavior and are considered as significant parameters to be controlled in tissue engineering applications. This work investigated the biocompatibility with regard to scaffold architecture and topographical effect of nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction. Random and aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique, with diameters of 313 ± 5 nm and 506 ± 24 nm, respectively. Primary monocytes isolated from five human donors were cultured on PCL nanofibers, PCL film, and RGD‐coated glass in vitro and cell density and morphology was evaluated at time points of day 0 (2 h), day 3, day 7, and day 10. The in vivo study was carried out by implanting PCL nanofibers and film scaffolds subcutaneously in rats to test the biocompatibility and host response at time points of week 1, week 2, and week 4. The in vitro studies revealed that the initial monocyte adhesion on the aligned fiber scaffold was significantly less (p < 0.001) when compared to the random fiber scaffold. The in vivo study showed that the thicknesses of fibrous capsule on fibrous scaffolds were 7.55 ± 0.54 μm for aligned fibers and 4.13 ± 0.31 μm for random fibers, which were significantly thinner than that of film implants 37.7 ± 0.25 μm (p < 0.001). Additionally, cell infiltration was observed in aligned fibrous scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo, while on random fibers and films, distinct fibrous capsule boundaries were found on the surfaces. These results indicate that aligned electrospun nanofibers may serve as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering by minimizing host response, enhancing tissue‐scaffold integration, and eliciting a thinner fibrous capsule. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
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Studies on synthetic polymers, PCL and PLLA showed reduced FBR in 3D electrospun scaffolds compared to 2D films.
“Studies on synthetic polymers, PCL and poly(l‐lactic) (PLLA) showed reduced FBR in 3D electrospun scaffolds compared to 2D films.[ 41 , 128 ]”
From Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell–Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes (2024) · cites this paper as [128]
The Results (‘Foreign body reaction and fibrous capsule formation’; page unavailable) report intense foreign body reaction on random PCL fibers, while aligned fibers and PCL film had more quiescent reactions. The Discussion says the reaction was most severe on random fibers and least on film. Although both fiber scaffolds produced thinner fibrous capsules than film, that does not establish the claimed reduction in foreign body reaction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCao et al. showed less adhesion on aligned fibers (506 ± 24 nm) compared to random fibers (313 ± 5 nm) when seeding human blood monocytes on PCL electrospun nanofibers.
“Cao et al. seeded human blood monocytes on to PCL electrospun nanofibers, and showed less adhesion on aligned fibers (506 ± 24 nm) compared to random fibers (313 ± 5 nm).[ 128 ]”
From Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell–Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes (2024) · cites this paper as [128]
Prior work indicates that macrophage activation and foreign body giant cell formation are influenced by polymer fiber diameter, surface roughness, and geometry.
“Recent studies show that macrophage activation and FBGC formation respond to differing polymer fiber diameter [32, 33], surface roughness [34, 35] and geometry [36].”
From Characterization of topographical effects on macrophage behavior in a foreign body response model (2010) · cites this paper as [33]
The fibrous capsule thickness for the softest hydrogels is on par with those reported for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, degradable polyester polyurethanes, polycaprolactone, and polyethylene terephthalate.
“This thickness is on par with those reported with other materials, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,51 degradable polyester polyurethanes,52 polycaprolactone,53 and polyethylene terephthalate.54”
From Student award winner in the undergraduate category for the society of biomaterials 9th World Biomaterials Congress, Chengdu, China, June 1–5, 2012: The effects of substrate stiffness on the <i>in vitro</i> activation of macrophages and <i>in vivo</i> host response to poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels (2012) · cites this paper as [53]
Compared with microfibers, nanofibers cause less macrophage adhesion and inflammatory activation and reduce the host response.
“nanofibers elicit significantly less macrophage adhesion and inflammatory activation, and minimize the host response, when compared to microfibers.14-16”
From Micro- and Nanopatterned Topographical Cues for Regulating Macrophage Cell Shape and Phenotype (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
Small electrospun fibers (<6 μm in diameter) reduce the foreign body response more effectively than larger fibers (>6 μm).
“small fibers (<6 μm in diameter)151,163 reduce the FBR (i.e., capsule formation) more effectively than larger (>6 μm) fibers.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [163]
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- Authors
- Cao, H., Mchugh, K., Chew, S. Y., & Anderson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chew, Sing Yian
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-09-18
- Volume
- 93A
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1151-1159
- ISSN
- 1549-3296 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4965
- PMC
- PMC9069486
- OpenAlex
- W2098655765
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB006365, EB006365-06A2)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Keywords
- electrospun nanofibers, polycaprolactone, foreign body reaction, scaffold topography, aligned nanofibers, monocyte adhesion, fibrous capsule, biocompatibility, cell infiltration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Count, Female, Foreign-Body Reaction, Humans, Inflammation, Macrophages, Materials Testing, Monocytes, Polyesters, Surface Properties, Wound Healing, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Tissue Engineering, Cell Shape, Rats, Tissue Scaffolds, Nanofibers
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