The effect of nitric oxide surface flux on the foreign body response to subcutaneous implants
Open accessAbstract
Although the release of nitric oxide (NO) from biomaterials has been shown to reduce the foreign body response (FBR), the optimal NO release kinetics and doses remain unknown. Herein, polyurethane-coated wire substrates with varying NO release properties were implanted into porcine subcutaneous tissue for 3, 7, 21 and 42 d. Histological analysis revealed that materials with short NO release durations (i.e., 24 h) were insufficient to reduce the collagen capsule thickness at 3 and 6 weeks, whereas implants with longer release durations (i.e., 3 and 14 d) and greater NO payloads significantly reduced the collagen encapsulation at both 3 and 6 weeks. The acute inflammatory response was mitigated most notably by systems with the longest duration and greatest dose of NO release, supporting the notion that these properties are most critical in circumventing the FBR for subcutaneous biomedical applications (e.g., glucose sensors).
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In Nichols et al.'s study, inflammation was only influenced by substrates that were still actively releasing nitric oxide at the time of explantation, unlike capsule thickness.
“In contrast to the capsule thickness, inflammation was only affected by substrates still actively releasing NO at time of explants.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [240]
Nichols et al. studied how nitric oxide release duration (6 hours to 14 days) and payload (2.7 to 9.3 Vmol cm−2) affect the foreign body response, using 316L stainless steel wires as size-matched model sensors coated with various nitric oxide release formulations.
“Work by Nichols et al. examined the influence of NO-release duration and payload ranging from 6 h to 14 d and 2.7 to 9.3 Vmol cm−2, respectively, on the FBR using 316L stainless steel wires as model sensors (with respect to size) coated with different NO release formulations.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [240]
In Nichols et al.'s study, collagen encapsulation decreased at 3 and 6 weeks, with the largest effect seen for the highest payloads and longest release.
“Collagen encapsulation was reduced at 3 and 6 weeks, and the greatest effect was observed for the largest payloads and longest release.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [240]
The short-term benefits reported by Gifford et al. might be further improved by a larger and more sustained nitric oxide release profile.
“These results indicate that the short-term benefits reported by Gifford et al. may be further enhanced with a greater and more sustained NO release profile.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [240]
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- Authors
- Nichols, S. P., Koh, A., Brown, N. L., Rose, M. B., Sun, B., Slomberg, D. L., Riccio, D. A., Klitzman, B., & Schoenfisch, M. H.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schoenfisch, Mark H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 27
- Pages
- 6305-6312
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3667553
- OpenAlex
- W2053700169
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB 000708, R01EB000708)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- nitric oxide release, foreign body reaction, subcutaneous implants, collagen capsule, acute inflammation, NO release kinetics, glucose sensor
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Collagen, Foreign-Body Reaction, Inflammation, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Nitric Oxide, Polyurethanes, Surface Properties, Water, Implants, Experimental, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Sus scrofa, Subcutaneous Tissue, Nanoparticles
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