Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: A modified Delphi approach
Open accessAbstract
Background: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based on assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation and disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by fulfillment of any combination of at least one phenotypic and at least one etiologic criterion. The original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding assessment of inflammation, and this has been a factor impeding further implementation of the GLIM criteria. We now seek to provide practical guidance for assessment of inflammation. Methods: A GLIM‐constituted working group with 36 participants developed consensus‐based guidance through a modified Delphi review. A multiround review and revision process served to develop seven guidance statements. Results: The final round of review was highly favorable, with 99% overall “agree” or “strongly agree” responses. The presence of acute or chronic disease, infection, or injury that is usually associated with inflammatory activity may be used to fulfill the GLIM disease burden/inflammation criterion, without the need for laboratory confirmation. However, we recommend that recognition of underlying medical conditions commonly associated with inflammation be supported by C‐reactive protein (CRP) measurements when the contribution of inflammatory components is uncertain. Interpretation of CRP requires that consideration be given to the method, reference values, and units (milligrams per deciliter or milligram per liter) for the clinical laboratory that is being used. Conclusion: Confirmation of inflammation should be guided by clinical judgment based on underlying diagnosis or condition, clinical signs, or CRP.
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Anorexia of aging may explain loss of appetite experienced by some persons of advanced age who do not appear to have known disease conditions that affect appetite and are not receiving known appetite-suppressing treatments; such individuals do appear to have low-grade inflammation and associated hunger-satiety imbalance.
““Anorexia of aging” may explain the loss of appetite experienced by some persons of advanced age who do not appear to have known disease conditions that affect appetite and are not receiving known appetite‐suppressing treatments. Such individuals do appear to have low‐grade inflammation and associated hunger‐satiety imbalance. 58 , 59”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCongestive heart failure, cancer, and chronic kidney disease are examples of diseases that may be associated with chronic inflammation of mild/moderate degree.
“Examples of diseases that may be associated with chronic inflammation of mild/moderate degree include congestive heart failure, cancer, and chronic kidney disease.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Anorexia nervosa, depression, dysphagia, and nondisease conditions associated with limited resources or environments that compromise food security, access, or intake, including poverty, famine, and war, are examples of conditions with no clear or perceptible inflammatory components.
“Examples include anorexia nervosa, depression, dysphagia, and nondisease conditions that are associated with limited resources or environments that compromise food security, access, or intake, including poverty, famine, and war.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
A GLIM working group undertook a robust modified Delphi process to provide comprehensive guidance.
“A GLIM working group, therefore, undertook a robust modified Delphi process to provide comprehensive guidance. 59 , 60”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
For acute conditions, CRP levels ≥10 times higher than the upper reference value for the methodology of the selected clinical laboratory can be used to support the presence of moderate to severe acute inflammation.
“For acute conditions, CRP levels ≥10 times higher than the upper reference value for the methodology of the selected clinical laboratory can be used to support the presence of moderate to severe acute inflammation.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
The occurrence of acute or chronic disease, infection, or injury that is often/usually associated with inflammatory activity may fulfill the GLIM disease burden/inflammation criterion, and confirmation by laboratory markers is not always necessary.
“The occurrence of acute or chronic disease, infection, or injury that is often/usually associated with inflammatory activity may fulfill the GLIM disease burden/inflammation criterion, and confirmation by laboratory markers is not always necessary.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Repeated measures of CRP higher than the upper cutoff level of the selected clinical laboratory support the presence of chronic inflammation.
“Serial measurements of CRP are recommended, and repeated measures higher than the upper cutoff level of the selected clinical laboratory support the presence of chronic inflammation.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Critical illness or sepsis and exacerbations of COPD or Crohn's disease are examples of acute diseases or conditions that may be associated with acute inflammation of severe/moderate degree.
“Examples of acute diseases or conditions that may be associated with acute inflammation of severe/moderate degree include critical illness or sepsis and exacerbations of COPD or Crohn's disease.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
For chronic conditions, serial measures of CRP higher than the upper reference value for the methodology of the selected clinical laboratory support the presence of the chronic inflammation criterion.
“For chronic conditions, serial measures of CRP higher than the upper reference value for the methodology of the selected clinical laboratory support the presence of the chronic inflammation criterion.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
The sound interpretation of some indicators of inflammatory disease or condition requires clinical training and expertise.
“The sound interpretation of some of these indicators requires clinical training and expertise.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
The documentation of laboratory markers indicating inflammation may support confirmation of the inflammation criterion.
“The documentation of laboratory markers indicating inflammation may support confirmation of the inflammation criterion.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Disease conditions that have no clear or perceptible inflammatory components will not fulfill the disease burden/inflammation criterion unless confirmed by laboratory analyses.
“Disease conditions that have no clear or perceptible inflammatory components will not fulfill the disease burden/inflammation criterion unless confirmed by laboratory analyses.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
C-reactive protein may be used as a supportive laboratory measure for the inflammation criterion.
“C‐reactive protein may be used as a supportive laboratory measure.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
Calf circumference may be considered in the absence of machine-based techniques to evaluate muscle mass, and clinical judgment of inflammatory disease burden may only require laboratory confirmation (by CRP) in cases of uncertainty.
“Two GLIM working groups have since provided more detailed guidance; ie, calf circumference may be considered in the absence of machine‐based techniques to evaluate muscle mass, 40 , 41 and clinical judgment of inflammatory disease burden may only require laboratory confirmation (by CRP) in cases of uncertainty. 59 , 60”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
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Cederholm, T., Jensen, G. L., Correia, M. I. T. D., González, M. C., Fukushima, R., Pisprasert, V., Blaauw, R., Cárdenas, D., Fernando Carrasco, N., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.03.018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationGLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update
Jensen, G. L., Cederholm, T., Correia, M. I. T. D., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Pisprasert, V., Blaauw, R., Braz, D. C., Carrasco, F., Cruz Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2756 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationNutrition for the older adult – Current concepts. Report from an ESPEN symposium
Volkert, D., Delzenne, N. M., Demirkan, K., Schneider, S., Abbasoğlu, O., Bahat, G., Barazzoni, R., Bauer, J. M., Cuerda, C., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.020 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationLew, C. C. H., Lee, Z., Day, A. G., Jiang, X., Bear, D. E., Jensen, G. L., Ng, P. Y., Tweel, L. E., Parillo, A., Heyland, D. K., et al. (2024) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2024.02.008 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationCompher, C. W., Fukushima, R., Correia, M. I. T. D., González, M. C., McKeever, L., Nakamura, K., Lee, Z., Patel, J. J., Singer, P., Stoppe, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2748 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMalnutrition in patients with obesity: An overview perspective
Cristancho, C., Mogensen, K. M., & Robinson, M. K. (2024) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11228 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationFukushima, R., Compher, C. W., Correia, M. I. T. D., González, M. C., McKeever, L., Nakamura, K., Lee, Z., Patel, J. J., Singer, P., Stoppe, C., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.03.011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationUndernutrition, cognitive decline and dementia: The collaborative PROMED-COG pooled cohorts study
Noale, M., Prinelli, F., Conti, S., Sergi, G., Maggi, S., Brennan, L., de Groot, C. P. G. M., Volkert, D., McEvoy, C. T., Trevisan, C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Exploring the intersections of frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia with malnutrition
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Self-citationWunderle, C., Siegenthaler, J., Seres, D. S., Owen‐Michaane, M., Tribolet, P., Stanga, Z. G., Müeller, B., & Schüetz, P. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.013 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Compher, C. W., Henstenburg, J. A., Aloupis, M., Sun, A. L., Quinn, R., Emery, E., Thomas, J., Crafford, A. G., & Schwartz, D. R. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01036-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Gómez, J. J. L., Asensio, L. E., Cebriá, Á., Izaola-Jáuregui, O., Pérez-López, P., González-Gutiérrez, J., Primo, D., Jiménez-Sahagún, R., Hoyos, E. G., Rico, D., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17101620 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Quality-oriented diet therapy for chronic kidney disease
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Malnutrition in hospitalized adults in the United States, 2016–2019
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Prehabilitation in surgery – an update with a focus on nutrition
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Montes‐Ibarra, M., Godziuk, K., Thompson, R. B., Chan, C. B., Pituskin, E., Gross, D. P., Lam, G. Y., Schlögl, M., Mota, J. F., Paterson, D. I., et al. (2024) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.10.004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Kimura, K., Tanuma, J., Kimura, M., Imamura, J., Yanase, M., Ieiri, I., Kurosaki, M., Watanabe, T., Endo, T., Yotsuyanagi, H., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001341 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Silva‐García, J., García‐Grimaldo, A., Rodríguez‐Moguel, N. C., Gómez‐Rodriguez, A. L., Ríos‐Ayala, M. A., Hernández‐Cardenas, C. M., Cadeza‐Aguilar, J. D., & Osuna‐Padilla, I. A. (2025) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11269 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dudzic, W., Kimilu, N., Kapała, A., Świerblewski, M., Połom, K., Kobiela, J., Girnyi, S., & Folwarski, M. (2025) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2025.109659 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)
Jensen, G. L., & Compher, C. W. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.028 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSakurai, M., Hishikawa, N., Sawada, K., Ohashi, S., Maeda, H. A., & Mikami, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1674577 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nutritional therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
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Self-citationBlaauw, R., Keller, H., Mills, C. M., Bischoff, G., Compher, C. W., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Haines, K., Kiss, N. K., Lew, C. C. H., Malone, A. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.70073 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAshmore, D., Baker, D. M., Wilson, T. R., Halliday, V., & Lee, M. J. (2024) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1111/codi.17261 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Thanh, X. L. T., Thi, P. D., Le, H. T., Lam, T. P., Quang, D. N., Huong, L. N. T., Luu, T. M. T., & Thuy, H. N. T. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Ji, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Chen, J., Huang, Y., & Bao, Z. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02671-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Valid food intake measures of adult patients for use within the GLIM framework: A scoping review
Blaauw, R., Bischoff, G., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Compher, C. W., Haines, K., Kiss, N. K., Lew, C. C. H., Malone, A. M., Maza, C., Stoner, N., et al. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102899 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, R., Tian, S., Wang, H., Shi, Q., & Ma, J. (2025) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11282 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Poulia, K., Spyroglou, A., Violetis, O., Mastorakos, G. P., Alexandraki, K., & Papavassiliou, A. G. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15121746 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jensen, G. L., Steiber, A. L., & Compher, C. W. (2026) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.70054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationJensen, G. L., Steiber, A. L., & Compher, C. W. (2026) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101194 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationJensen, G. L., Steiber, A. L., & Compher, C. W. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2026.156287 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSarıkaya, B., Aktaç, Ş., & Çetınkaya, E. (2025) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11331 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Significant Published Articles in 2024 for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice
Dickerson, R. N., Afolabi, T. M., Bingham, A. L., Canada, T. W., Chan, L. N., Cogle, S. V., Tucker, A. M., & Kumpf, V. J. (2025) · Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.1177/00185787251337596 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rasmussen, H. H., Munk, T., Knudsen, A. W., Hvas, C. L., Hejgaard, T., Holst, M., & Beck, A. M. (2025) · Ugeskrift for Læger · doi:10.61409/v11240824 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wiegert, E. V. M., Andrade, P. V., Monteiro, J. M. P., & Calixto‐Lima, L. (2026) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2026.113254 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prognostic impact of glim-defined malnutrition and phase angle in patients with digestive tumors
González‐Pacheco, M., López‐Pereira, C., Gramage-Viñets, A., Lara-Barea, A., Fernández‐Jiménez, R., & Vílchez-López, F. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1836804 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jiménez, B. R., Gallardo, M. A. I., Pena, N. G., López, M. L., Aguilera, B. G., Martín, M. C. C., Naranjo, M. M. C., & Gómez, P. R. D. V. (2026) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2026.113296 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Keller, H., Blaauw, R., Mills, C. M., Bischoff, G., Compher, C. W., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Haines, K., Kiss, N. K., Lew, C. C. H., Malone, A. M., et al. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106643 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, Y., Shi, R., Zhou, J., & Zhu, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1767984 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Malone, A. M. (2024) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11226 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Liu, Q., He, Y., Yang, F., Guo, G., Yang, W., Wu, L., & Sun, C. (2025) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504251320157
Chong, F., Huo, Z., Tong, N., Lin, X., Li, N., Luo, S., Li, Y., & Xu, H. (2025) · Holistic Integrative Oncology · doi:10.1007/s44178-025-00154-8
Ortega, M., Crivelli, A., Klin, P., Gondolesi, G. E., & Solar, H. (2025) · Intestinal failure. · doi:10.1016/j.intf.2025.100059
Association between nutritional indicators and clinical conditions in people aged 60 and overPreprint
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Mphwanthe, G., Columbus, T., Wasambo, L., Koster, H., Mndoliro, L., Mtande, F., Burr, H., & Weatherspoon, L. (2025) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11347
Zhu, L., Lu, Z., Wang, S., Jiang, W., & Gao, Y. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7225463/v1
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dos Santos, R. C. B., Pinho, C. P. S., Santos, E. M. C., Patricio, M. C. D. S., do Nascimento, S. B., Santos, L. S., Mendes, T. D. S. R., & Diniz, A. D. S. (2025) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.70033
Zhou, J. M., Huang, Y., Rong, Y., Wang, X., & Yang, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1615071
Corso-Ramirez, J. M., Alzate‐Ricaurte, S., Gómez-Galán, S., Munive-Gnecco, P. A., Londoño-Mejia, L. E., Sanabria-Arévalo, L. M., Villamil, C. J., Moreno, K., Gallego, E. D. A., Camacho, J., et al. (2025) · Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1177/10892532251405006
GLIM criteria: from consensus to practice in inflammatory bowel disease
Shabat, C. S. (2026) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-026-01717-2
Sepsis in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: outcomes and predictive model
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Scannell, C., Sullivan, E. S., Dolan, R. D., McGovern, J., Fallon, M., Laird, B. J. A., Power, D. G., & Ryan, A. M. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2026.156367
GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis: A narrative review
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Self-citationda Anunciação, T. A., Roriz, A. K. C., Campos, T. R. S., Varjão, L. M., de Souza, C. L. S., Boulhosa, R. S. S. B., Moreira, P. D. A., Ramos, L. B., & de Araujo, M. A. S. (2026) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-026-10699-7
Kashiwakura, D., Honma, H., Hiyama, A., Muramatsu, M., & Hinotsu, A. (2026) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.70061
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Validez y confiabilidad de los criterios de desnutrición GLIM en cirugía cardíaca
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Nutritional risk among hospitalized patients: A repeated point-prevalence study
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Cardamone, K., Byham-Gray, L. D., Sackey, J. D., & Brody, R. A. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2026.156432
Rodrigues, T. C. D. C., Rodrigues, J. D. C. M., Biaggio, R. T., Gimenes, J. P. N., Holland, H., Chiarello, P. G., & Bellafronte, N. T. (2026) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2026.113388
Zhan, Y. F., Tsang, J., & Gillis, C. (2026) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000006182
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Li, X., Yu, Y., Cao, L., Huang, S., & Fu, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1887430
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La dénutrition chez les personnes âgées : dépistage, diagnostic et prise en charge
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Präventive Ernährungsmedizin in der Anästhesie
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- Authors
- Jensen, G. L., Cederholm, T., Ballesteros‐Pomar, M. D., Blaauw, R., Correia, M. I. T. D., Cuerda, C., Evans, D. C., Fukushima, R., Gautier, J. B. O., Gonzalez, M. C., van Gossum, A., Gramlich, L., Hartono, J., Heymsfield, S. B., Jager‐Wittenaar, H., Jayatissa, R., Keller, H., Malone, A., Manzanares, W., McMahon, M. M., Mendez, Y., Mogensen, K. M., Mori, N., Muscaritoli, M., Nogales, G. C., Nyulasi, I., Phillips, W., Pirlich, M., Pisprasert, V., Rothenberg, E., de van der Schueren, M., Shi, H. P., Steiber, A., Winkler, M. F., Compher, C., & Barazzoni, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León León Spain
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- OhioHealth (US)
- Teikyo Heisei University (JP)
- Hunterdon Medical Center Flemington New Jersey USA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Hospital Universitaire de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (ID)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science International Institute of Health Sciences Colobo Sri Lanka
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (US)
- Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Colegio Mexicano de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional Mexico City Mexico
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Aichi Medical University (JP)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- EsSALUD (PE)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Morrison Healthcare Cleveland Ohio USA
- Departments of Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, and Clinical Nutrition Imperial Oak Outpatient Clinic Berlin Germany
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Kristianstad University (SE)
- School of Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences; Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Gordon L.
- ORCID
- Jensen, Gordon L.
- Cederholm, Tommy
- Ballesteros‐Pomar, Maria D.
- Blaauw, Renee
- Correia, M. Isabel T. D.
- Cuerda, Cristina
- Evans, David C.
- Fukushima, Ryoji
- Gautier, Juan Bernardo Ochoa
- Gonzalez, M. Cristina
- Gramlich, Leah
- Heymsfield, Steven B.
- Jager‐Wittenaar, Harriët
- Jayatissa, Renuka
- Keller, Heather
- Malone, Ainsley
- Manzanares, William
- McMahon, M. Molly
- Mendez, Yolanda
- Mogensen, Kris M.
- Mori, Naoharu
- Muscaritoli, Maurizio
- Nogales, Guillermo Contreras
- Nyulasi, Ibolya
- Phillips, Wendy
- Pirlich, Matthias
- Pisprasert, Veeradej
- Rothenberg, Elisabet
- de van der Schueren, Marian
- Shi, Han Ping
- Steiber, Alison
- Winkler, Marion F.
- Compher, Charlene
- Barazzoni, Rocco
- Venue
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-01-15
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-154
- ISSN
- 0148-6071 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-2444
- OpenAlex
- W4390885126
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 16
- FWCI
- 23.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
- European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- GLIM criteria, malnutrition diagnosis, inflammation assessment, C-reactive protein, disease burden, infection, injuries, consensus recommendations, Delphi consensus, weight loss, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Leadership, Weight Loss, Nutrition Assessment, Cost of Illness, Consensus, Malnutrition
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