Loving‐Kindness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study

Kearney, David J.; Malte, Carol A.; McManus, Carolyn; Martinez, Michelle E.; Felleman, Ben; Simpson, Tracy L.

doi:10.1002/jts.21832

Cited by 233Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Loving‐Kindness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study

Kearney, David J., Malte, Carol A., McManus, Carolyn, Martinez, Michelle E., Felleman, Ben, Simpson, Tracy L.·2013·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.21832

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Abstract

Loving‐kindness meditation is a practice designed to enhance feelings of kindness and compassion for self and others. Loving‐kindness meditation involves repetition of phrases of positive intention for self and others. We undertook an open pilot trial of loving‐kindness meditation for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Measures of PTSD, depression, self‐compassion, and mindfulness were obtained at baseline, after a 12‐week loving‐kindness meditation course, and 3 months later. Effect sizes were calculated from baseline to each follow‐up point, and self‐compassion was assessed as a mediator. Attendance was high; 74% attended 9–12 classes. Self‐compassion increased with large effect sizes and mindfulness increased with medium to large effect sizes. A large effect size was found for PTSD symptoms at 3‐month follow‐up (d = −0.89), and a medium effect size was found for depression at 3‐month follow‐up (d = −0.49). There was evidence of mediation of reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression by enhanced self‐compassion. Overall, loving‐kindness meditation appeared safe and acceptable and was associated with reduced symptoms of PTSD and depression. Additional study of loving‐kindness meditation for PTSD is warranted to determine whether the changes seen are due to the loving‐kindness meditation intervention versus other influences, including concurrent receipt of other treatments.

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Interventions aimed at cultivating self-compassion have been associated with reductions in trauma-related symptoms.
“and interventions aimed at cultivating self-compassion (e.g., loving-kindness meditation) have been associated with reductions in trauma-related symptoms (69).”
From Coping strategies and psychological outcomes following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a systematic review with meta-analytic synthesis (2026) · cites this paper as [69]
Research on mindfulness-based interventions in PSP has been limited to pilot or feasibility studies, police populations, and in-person class delivery style.
“In terms of PSP, mindfulness-based interventions have been associated with reductions in stress, insomnia, burnout, anger, anxiety, and depression [20,21]; however, research has been limited to pilot or feasibility studies, police populations, and in-person class delivery style [3,22].”
From Web-Based Mindfulness Meditation as an Adjunct to Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Public Safety Personnel: Mixed Methods Feasibility Evaluation Study (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Kearney et al. found that for a 12-session loving-kindness intervention, 74% of participants attended 9-12 sessions.
“Kearney et al. found that for a 12-session loving-kindness intervention,65 74% of participants attended 9–12 sessions.”
From Treatment Engagement and Outcomes of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Veterans with Psychiatric Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
The completer rate in this study is somewhat lower than that reported by some other investigators.
“Thus, the completer rate reported herein is somewhat lower than that reported by some other investigators.”
From Treatment Engagement and Outcomes of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Veterans with Psychiatric Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Kearney et al.65

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Compassion Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans: A Randomized Proof of Concept Study
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Compassion Meditation for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): a Nonrandomized Study
Lang, A. J., Casmar, P. V., Hurst, S., Harrison, T., Golshan, S., Good, R. C., Essex, M., & Negi, L. T. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0866-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Authors: Kearney, D. J., Malte, C. A., McManus, C., Martinez, M. E., Felleman, B., & Simpson, T. L.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US)
Swedish Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Kearney, David J.
ORCID: Kearney, David J.
Malte, Carol A.
Martinez, Michelle E.
Simpson, Tracy L.
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-07-25
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 426-434
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
1573-6598
DOI: 10.1002/jts.21832
OpenAlex: W2148230172
Cited by: 233
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 20.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords: loving-kindness meditation, post-traumatic stress disorder, veterans, self-compassion, depression, mindfulness, meditation intervention, mediation
MeSH terms: Adult, Depression, Empathy, Female, Humans, Love, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Meditation, Intention, Mindfulness

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Loving‐Kindness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study

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