Effect of the skincare product on facial skin microbial structure and biophysical parameters: A pilot study
Open accessAbstract
Daily use of cosmetics is known to affect the skin microbiome. This study aimed to determine the bacterial community structure and skin biophysical parameters following the daily application of a skincare product on the face. Twenty‐five Korean women, who used the same skincare product for four weeks participated in the study. During this period, skin hydration, texture, sebum content, and pH were measured, and skin swab samples were collected on the cheeks. The microbiota was analyzed using the MiSeq system. Through these experiments, bacterial diversity in facial skin increased and the microbial community changed after four weeks of skincare product application. The relative abundance of Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus increased, significant changes in specific bacterial modules of the skin microbial network were observed, and skin hydration and texture improved. It was suggested that daily use of skincare products could affect the microbial structure of facial skin as well as the biophysical properties of the facial skin. These findings expand our understanding of the role of skincare products on the skin environment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cytoscape: A software Environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks
Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Baliga, N. S., Wang, J. T., Ramage, D., Amin, N., Schwikowski, B., & Ideker, T. (2003) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.1239303 · Cited by 51,888 · see citing works
The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools
Quast, C., Pruesse, E., Yilmaz, P., Gerken, J., Schweer, T., Yarza, P., Peplies, J., & Glöckner, F. O. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks1219 · Cited by 33,055 · see citing works
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
Edgar, R. C. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 · Cited by 20,617 · see citing works
Naive Bayesian Classifier for Rapid Assignment of rRNA Sequences into the New Bacterial Taxonomy
Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M., & Cole, J. R. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00062-07 · Cited by 19,770 · see citing works
Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13937 · Cited by 11,675 · see citing works
VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics
(2016) · doi:10.7717/peerj.2584 · Cited by 10,773 · see citing works
Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms
Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Walters, W. A., Berg-Lyons, D., Huntley, J., Fierer, N., Owens, S. M., Betley, J., Fraser, L., Bauer, M., et al. (2012) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.8 · Cited by 8,839 · see citing works
Santos, A. G., da Rocha, G. O., & de Andrade, J. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37186-2 · Cited by 8,495 · see citing works
Gotelli, N., & Colwell, R. K. (2001) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x · Cited by 6,529 · see citing works
PyNAST: a flexible tool for aligning sequences to a template alignment
Caporaso, J. G., Bittinger, K. L., Bushman, F. D., DeSantis, T. Z., Andersen, G. L., & Knight, R. D. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp636 · Cited by 3,374 · see citing works
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome
Grice, E. A., Kong, H. H., Conlan, S., Deming, C. B., Davis, J., Young, A. C., Program, N. C. S., Bouffard, G. G., Blakesley, R. W., Murray, P. R., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171700 · Cited by 2,953 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., & Segre, J. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157 · Cited by 2,806 · see citing works
The modularity of pollination networks
Olesen, J. M., Bascompte, J., Dupont, Y. L., & Jordano, P. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706375104 · Cited by 2,616 · see citing works
Kong, H. H., Oh, J., Deming, C., Conlan, S., Grice, E. A., Beatson, M. A., Nomicos, E., Polley, E. C., Komarow, H. D., Program, N. C. S., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.131029.111 · Cited by 1,808 · see citing works
Schweiger, D., Baufeld, C., Drescher, P., Oltrogge, B., Höpfner, S., Mess, A., Lüttke, J., Rippke, F., Filbry, A. W., & Max, H. (2013) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000348473 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin
NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program, Findley, K., Oh, J., Yang, J., Conlan, S., Deming, C., Meyer, J. A., Schoenfeld, D., Nomicos, E., Park, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12171 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Chen, T., Yu, W.-H., Izard, J., Baranova, O. V., Lakshmanan, A., & Dewhirst, F. E. (2010) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/baq013 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals
Naik, S., Bouladoux, N., Wilhelm, C., Molloy, M. J., Salcedo, R., Kastenmuller, W., Deming, C., Quinones, M., Koo, L., Conlan, S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225152 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome
Oh, J., Byrd, A. L., Park, M., Kong, H. H., & Segre, J. A. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.008 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
A diversity profile of the human skin microbiotaPreprint
Grice, E. A., Kong, H. H., Renaud, G., Young, A., Bouffard, G. G., Blakesley, R. W., Wolfsberg, T. G., Turner, M. L. C., & Segre, J. A. (2008) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.075549.107 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence?
Cogen, A. L., Nizet, V., & Gallo, R. L. (2008) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Using QIIME to Analyze 16S rRNA Gene Sequences from Microbial Communities
Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Walters, W. A., González, A., Caporaso, J. G., & Knight, R. D. (2011) · Current Protocols in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/0471250953.bi1007s36 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Using QIIME to Analyze 16S rRNA Gene Sequences from Microbial Communities
Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Walters, W. A., González, A., Caporaso, J. G., & Knight, R. D. (2012) · Current Protocols in Microbiology · doi:10.1002/9780471729259.mc01e05s27 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Molecular analysis of human forearm superficial skin bacterial biota
Gao, Z., Tseng, C., Pei, Z., & Blaser, M. J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607077104 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Advancing Our Understanding of the Human Microbiome Using QIIME
Navas-Molina, J. A., Peralta‐Sánchez, J. M., González, A., McMurdie, P. J., Vázquez‐Baeza, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Ursell, L. K., Lauber, C. L., Zhou, H., Song, S. J., et al. (2013) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407863-5.00019-8 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Structure and function of the human skin microbiome
Schommer, N. N., & Gallo, R. L. (2013) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2013.10.001 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Functions of the skin microbiota in health and disease
Sanford, J. A., & Gallo, R. L. (2013) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.09.005 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Temporal variability is a personalized feature of the human microbiome
Flores, G. E., Caporaso, J. G., Henley, J. B., Rideout, J. R., Domogala, D., Chase, J., Leff, J. W., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., Gonzalez, A., Knight, R., et al. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0531-y · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Microbial Symbiosis with the Innate Immune Defense System of the Skin
Gallo, R. L., & Nakatsuji, T. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.182 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Selection of primers for optimal taxonomic classification of environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences
Soergel, D. A. W., Dey, N., Knight, R. D., & Brenner, S. E. (2012) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.208 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Stratum Corneum Moisturization at the Molecular Level: An Update in Relation to the Dry Skin Cycle
Rawlings, A. V., & Matts, P. J. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1747.2005.23726.x · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Skin microbiome: genomics-based insights into the diversity and role of skin microbes
Kong, H. H. (2011) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.013 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The Role of the Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis
Williams, M. R., & Gallo, R. L. (2015) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0567-4 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Ying, S., Zeng, D.-N., Chi, L., Tan, Y., Galzote, C., Cardona, C., Lax, S. M., Gilbert, J. A., & Quan, Z. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141842 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The impact of skin care products on skin chemistry and microbiome dynamics
Bouslimani, A., da Silva, R., Kosciolek, T., Janssen, S., Callewaert, C., Amir, A., Dorrestein, K., Melnik, A. V., Zaramela, L. S., Kim, J.-N., et al. (2019) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0660-6 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Fournière, M., Latire, T., Souak, D., Feuilloley, M. G. J., & Bedoux, G. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111752 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Aging-related changes in the diversity of women’s skin microbiomes associated with oral bacteria
Shibagaki, N., Suda, W., Clavaud, C., Bastien, P., Takayasu, L., Iioka, E., Kurokawa, R., Yamashita, N., Hattori, Y., Shindo, C., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10834-9 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
New Insights into the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors That Shape the Human Skin Microbiome
Dimitriu, P. A., Iker, B. C., Malik, K. A., Leung, H., Mohn, W. W., & Hillebrand, G. G. (2019) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00839-19 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Flynn, T. C., Petros, J., Clark, R. E., & Viehman, G. E. (2001) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(01)00199-7 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Perez, G. I. P., Gao, Z., Jourdain, R., Ramirez, J., Gany, F. M., Clavaud, C., Demaude, J., Breton, L., & Blaser, M. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151990 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Chang, H., Haudenshield, J. S., Bowen, C. R., & Hartman, G. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00519 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mukherjee, S., Mitra, R., Maitra, A., Gupta, S., Kumaran, S., Chakrabortty, A., & Majumder, P. P. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36062 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Modularity and predicted functions of the global sponge-microbiome network
Lurgi, M., Thomas, T., Wemheuer, B., Webster, N. S., & Montoya, J. M. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08925-4 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The Skin Microbiome of Cohabiting Couples
Stegelmeier, A. A., Doxey, A. C., & Neufeld, J. D. (2017) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00043-17 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Leung, M. H. Y., Tong, X., Bastien, P., Guinot, F., Tenenhaus, A., Appenzeller, B. M. R., Betts, R. J., Mezzache, S., Li, J., Bourokba, N., et al. (2020) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00874-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Segregation of age-related skin microbiome characteristics by functionality
Kim, H.-J., Kim, J. J., Myeong, N. R., Kim, T., Kim, D., An, S., Kim, H., Park, T., Jang, S. I., Yeon, J. H., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53266-3 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Baldassano, S. N., & Bassett, D. S. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26087 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Effects of cosmetics on the skin microbiome of facial cheeks with different hydration levels
Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. E., Lee, S., Kim, S., Han, H., & Jeon, C. O. (2017) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.557 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization and Analysis of the Skin Microbiota in Rosacea: Impact of Systemic Antibiotics
Woo, Y. R., Lee, S., Cho, S. H., Lee, J. D., & Kim, H. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9010185 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile skin microbiomes in megacities are assembled by a predominantly niche-based process
Kim, H.-J., Kim, H., Kim, J. J., Myeong, N. R., Kim, T., Park, T., Kim, E., Choi, J.-Y., Lee, J.-H., An, S., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701581 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Two, A. M., Nakatsuji, T., Kotol, P. F., Arvanitidou, E., Du‐Thumm, L., Hata, T. R., & Gallo, R. L. (2016) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.612 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Characterization and Analysis of the Skin Microbiota in Acne: Impact of Systemic Antibiotics
Park, S., Kim, H. S., Lee, S., & Kim, S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9010168 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Every-Day Cosmetics in Altering the Skin Microbiome: A Study Using Biodiversity
Wallen-Russell, C. (2018) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics6010002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The influence of age, gender and race/ethnicity on the composition of the human axillary microbiome
Li, M., Budding, A. E., van der Lugt-Degen, M., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12549 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
SEARCH_16S: A new algorithm for identifying 16S ribosomal RNA genes in contigs and chromosomesPreprint
Edgar, R. C. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/124131 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Youn, S. W., Choi, C. W., Choi, J. W., & Youn, S. W. (2012) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/srt.12023 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, Z., Liu, X., Niu, Y., Shen, C., Heminger, K., Moulton, L., Yu, A., Allen, T., Zhang, L. D., Yue, F., et al. (2019) · Australasian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ajd.13153 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Temporal Variation of the Facial Skin Microbiome: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study in Healthy Adults
Hillebrand, G. G., Dimitriu, P. A., Malik, K. A., Park, Y., Qu, D., Mohn, W. W., & Kong, R. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000007621 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Liu, F., Li, Z., Wang, X., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092130 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ciardiello, T., Pinto, D., Marotta, L., Giuliani, G., & Rinaldi, F. (2020) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics7020034 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
International expert consensus recommendations for the use of dermocosmetics in acne.
Thiboutot, D., Layton, A. M., Traore, I., Gontijo, G., Troielli, P., Ju, Q., Kurokawa, I., & Dreno, B. (2025) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.20145 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hwang, B. K., Lee, S., Myoung, J., Hwang, S. J., Lim, J. M., Jeong, E. T., Park, S. G., & Youn, S. H.
- Affiliations
- LG (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Youn, Sung Hun
- Venue
- MicrobiologyOpen
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1236-e1236
- ISSN
- 2045-8827 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8494714
- OpenAlex
- W3206472125
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- MicrobiologyOpen (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Keywords
- skin care products, skin hydration, skin texture, sebum content, skin pH, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, bacterial co-occurrence networks
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cheek, Cosmetics, Face, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Skin, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Biodiversity, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
