The Dual Roles of NRF2 in Cancer

Menegon, Silvia; Columbano, Amedeo; Giordano, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.002

Cited by 637Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressRedox biology and oxidative stressBioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents

The Dual Roles of NRF2 in Cancer

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Menegon, Silvia, Columbano, Amedeo, Giordano, Silvia·2016·Trends in Molecular Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.002

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Abstract

NRF2 has been traditionally considered as a tumor suppressor because its cytoprotective functions are deemed to be the main cellular defense mechanism against exogenous and endogenous insults, including xenobiotics and oxidative stress. However, several recent studies demonstrate that hyperactivation of the NRF2 pathway creates an environment that favors the survival of normal as well as malignant cells, protecting them against oxidative stress, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy. In a rapidly advancing field, this review summarizes some of the known mechanisms by which NRF2 can exert its oncogenic functions, and describes the current status of NRF2 inhibitors, providing a clear rationale for the consideration of NRF2 as a powerful putative therapeutic target in cancer treatment.

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Mutations in the NRF2 pathway typically disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1 directly or by impeding KEAP1 co-factors CUL3 and CAND1.
“NRF2 is mutationally activated in 10–30% of different solid tumors including liver, lung, stomach, colon and other cancers and mutations typically disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and its E3 ligase KEAP1 (Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1) directly or by impeding KEAP1 co-factors CUL3 (Cullin 3) and CAND1 (Cullin Associated and Neddylation Dissociated 1) [2,5,6,7,8].”
From NRF2 Activation Confers Resistance to eIF4A Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
NRF2 is mutationally activated in 10-30% of different solid tumors including liver, lung, stomach, colon and other cancers.
“NRF2 is mutationally activated in 10–30% of different solid tumors including liver, lung, stomach, colon and other cancers and mutations typically disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and its E3 ligase KEAP1 (Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1) directly or by impeding KEAP1 co-factors CUL3 (Cullin 3) and CAND1 (Cullin Associated and Neddylation Dissociated 1) [2,5,6,7,8].”
From NRF2 Activation Confers Resistance to eIF4A Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Mutations to NRF2 and its regulator KEAP1 have been found in cancer cells, supporting the supposition that antioxidant genes are pivotal in tumor progression.
“In this regard, mutations to NRF2 and its regulator KEAP1 have been found in cancer cells, supporting the supposition that antioxidant genes are pivotal in tumor progression59–62.”
From ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon (2020) · cites this paper as [61]

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ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon
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Authors: Menegon, S., Columbano, A., & Giordano, S.
Affiliations: Candiolo Cancer Institute (IT)
University of Cagliari (IT)
Corresponding author: Menegon, Silvia
Columbano, Amedeo
Giordano, Silvia
ORCID: Menegon, Silvia
Columbano, Amedeo
Giordano, Silvia
Venue: Trends in Molecular Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-07
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Pages: 578-593
ISSN: 1471-4914 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.002
OpenAlex: W2417535489
Cited by: 633
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 6.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (15464, 15279, IG-15279)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
Keywords: Nrf2, Nrf2 signaling, oncogenic function, tumor suppressor, oxidative stress, chemoresistance, radioresistance (biology), Nrf2 inhibitors, therapeutic target, cancer
MeSH terms: Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Drug Discovery, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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The Dual Roles of NRF2 in Cancer

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