Psychological and clinical correlates of posttraumatic growth in cancer: A systematic and critical review
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe major findings on posttraumatic growth (PTG) in cancer, by analyzing its various definitions, assessment tools, and examining its main psychological and clinical correlates. METHODS: A search in relevant databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed using descriptors related to the positive reactions in cancer. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full text. RESULTS: Seventy-two met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (46%) focused on breast cancer, used the PTG inventory (76%), and had a cross-sectional design (68%). The PTG resulted inversely associated with depressive and anxious symptoms and directly related to hope, optimism, spirituality, and meaning. Illness-related variables have been poorly investigated compared to psychological ones. Articles found no relationship between cancer site, cancer surgery, cancer recurrence, and PTG. Some correlations emerged with the elapsed time since diagnosis, type of oncological treatment received, and cancer stage. Only few studies differentiated illness-related-life-threatening stressors from other forms of trauma, and the potentially different mechanisms connected with PTG outcome in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of PTG in cancer patients is worthy, because it may promote a better adaption to the illness. However, many investigations do not explicitly refer to the medical nature of the trauma, and they may have not completely captured the full spectrum of positive reactions in cancer patients. Future research should better investigate issues such as health attitudes; the risks of future recurrences; and the type, quality, and efficacy of medical treatments received and their influence on PTG in cancer patients.
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Posttraumatic growth inversely correlates with depression and psychological distress among cancer patients.
“PTG is important and should be emphasized as a positive psychological characteristic among cancer patients because it inversely correlates with depression and psychological distress [14, 15].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The Abstract reports an inverse association between PTG and depressive symptoms, and the distress section reports an inverse relationship in four of six studies. But the Anxiety and depression section says most studies found no relationship with PTG, and one found a direct relationship with depressive symptoms. The claim presents these mixed findings as an unqualified pattern. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPosttraumatic growth positively correlates with health-related quality of life among cancer patients.
“It also positively correlates with health-related QoL [15, 16].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
Table 3 reports positive associations between posttraumatic growth and quality of life or health-related quality of life in some cancer studies, but no significant association in others. The Discussion describes the correlations with quality of life as a “controversial pattern,” so the unqualified claim overstates the review's findings. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Casellas‐Grau, A., Ochoa, C., & Ruini, C.
- Affiliations
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ES)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ochoa, Cristian
- Venue
- Psycho-Oncology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-05-24
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2007-2018
- ISSN
- 1057-9249 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1611
- OpenAlex
- W2603633645
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psycho-Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI15/01278)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- posttraumatic growth, cancer patients, breast cancer, hope, optimism, spirituality, meaning in life, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, coping with cancer, tumor recurrence, tumor stage
- MeSH terms
- Optimism, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Attitude to Health, Breast Neoplasms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Spirituality
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