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Cited by 527

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Kappa coefficients in medical research

Chmura Kraemer, Helena, Periyakoil, Vyjeyanthi S., Noda, Art·2002·Statistics in Medicine
DOI 10.1002/sim.1180
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Abstract

Kappa coefficients are measures of correlation between categorical variables often used as reliability or validity coefficients. We recapitulate development and definitions of the K (categories) by M (ratings) kappas (K×M), discuss what they are well‐ or ill‐designed to do, and summarize where kappas now stand with regard to their application in medical research. The 2×M(M⩾2) intraclass kappa seems the ideal measure of binary reliability; a 2×2 weighted kappa is an excellent choice, though not a unique one, as a validity measure. For both the intraclass and weighted kappas, we address continuing problems with kappas. There are serious problems with using the K×M intraclass (K>2) or the various K×M weighted kappas for K>2 or M>2 in any context, either because they convey incomplete and possibly misleading information, or because other approaches are preferable to their use. We illustrate the use of the recommended kappas with applications in medical research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Metadata

Authors
Chmura Kraemer, H., Periyakoil, V. S., & Noda, A.
Venue
Statistics in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-06-19
Volume
21
Issue
14
Pages
2109-2129
ISSN
  • 0277-6715 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0258
DOI
10.1002/sim.1180
OpenAlex
W2157318188
Cited by
527
References
71
FWCI
23.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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