Cited by 54Pluripotent Stem Cells ResearchDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

TBX3 Promotes Human Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuroepithelial Differentiation in a Differentiation Stage-Dependent Manner

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Esmailpour, Taraneh, Huang, Taosheng·2012·Stem Cells

Abstract

T-box 3 (Tbx3) is a member of the T-box family of genes. Mutations that result in the haploinsufficiency of TBX3 cause ulnar mammary syndrome in humans characterized by mammary gland hypoplasia as well as other congenital defects. In mice, homozygous mutations are embryonic lethal, suggesting that Tbx3 is essential for embryo development. Studies in mice have shown that Tbx3 is essential in the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and in their differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn). The role TBX3 plays in regulating human ESCs (hESCs) has not been explored. Since mouse and hESCs are known to represent distinct pluripotent states, it is important to address the role of TBX3 in hESC self-renewal and differentiation. Using overexpression and knockdown strategies, we found that TBX3 overexpression promotes hESC proliferation possibly by repressing the expression of both NFκBIB and p14ARF, known cell cycle regulators. During differentiation, TBX3 knockdown resulted in decreased neural rosette formation and in decreased expression of neuroepithelial and neuroectoderm markers (PAX6, LHX2, FOXG1, and RAX). Taken together, our data suggest a role for TBX3 in hESC proliferation and reveal an unrecognized novel role of TBX3 in promoting neuroepithelial differentiation. Our results suggest that TBX3 plays distinct roles in regulating self-renewal and differentiation in both hESCs and mouse ESCs.

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  • TBX3 can enhance the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells by inhibiting p14ARF and NF-κB.

    “TBX3 can enhance the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells by inhibiting p14ARF and NF-κB, which are regulators of the NF-κB signaling pathway 61.”

    From TBX3 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces immunotherapy resistance (2025) · cites this paper as [61]

    The Results and Discussion report that TBX3 over-expression increases human embryonic stem cell proliferation and represses p14ARF. They identify the other repressed molecule as NFκBIB, an inhibitor of NF-κB—not NF-κB itself—and describe the proposed mechanism as possible rather than established. (LLM, conf=0.89)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [2]Papaioannou VE Silver LM The T-box gene family BIOESSAYS 1998 20 9 19 9504043
  2. [27]Lu R Yang A Jin Y Dual functions of T-box 3 (Tbx3) in the control of self-renewal and extraembryonic endoderm differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells J BIOL CHEM 2011 286 8425 8436 21189255 PMC3048727
  3. [57]Karin M Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression NATURE 2006 441 431 436 16724054

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Authors
Esmailpour, T., & Huang, T.
Affiliations
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
Huang, Taosheng
Venue
Stem Cells
Published
2012-09-20
Volume
30
Issue
10
Pages
2152-2163
ISSN
  • 1066-5099 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-4918
OpenAlex
W1936556660
Cited by
54
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Stem Cells (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA121876)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
TBX3, human embryonic stem cells, cell proliferation, neuroepithelial differentiation, self-renewal, p14ARF, ulnar-mammary syndrome, T-box transcription factor
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Ectoderm, Endoderm, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Neurons, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, I-kappa B Proteins, T-Box Domain Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Embryonic Stem Cells

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