Cited by 472Mental Health Treatment and AccessPsychology and Mental HealthGender Roles and Identity Studies

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Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Griffiths, Kathleen M., Carron-Arthur, Bradley, Parsons, Alison, Reid, Russell·2014·World Psychiatry

DOI 10.1002/wps.20129PMC PMC4102289

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Abstract

The stigma associated with mental disorders is a global public health problem. Programs to combat it must be informed by the best available evidence. To this end, a meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of existing programs. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases yielded 34 relevant papers, comprising 33 randomized controlled trials. Twenty-seven papers (26 trials) contained data that could be incorporated into a quantitative analysis. Of these trials, 19 targeted personal stigma or social distance (6,318 participants), six addressed perceived stigma (3,042 participants) and three self-stigma (238 participants). Interventions targeting personal stigma or social distance yielded small but significant reductions in stigma across all mental disorders combined (d=0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.39, p<0.001) as well as for depression (d=0.36, 95% CI: 0.10-0.60, p<0.01), psychosis (d=0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.34, p<0.01) and generic mental illness (d=0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.50, p<0.01). Educational interventions were effective in reducing personal stigma (d=0.33, 95% CI: 0.19-0.42, p<0.001) as were interventions incorporating consumer contact (d=0.47, 95% CI: 0.17-0.78, p<0.001), although there were insufficient studies to demonstrate an effect for consumer contact alone. Internet programs were at least as effective in reducing personal stigma as face-to-face delivery. There was no evidence that stigma interventions were effective in reducing perceived or self-stigma. In conclusion, there is an evidence base to inform the roll out of programs for improving personal stigma among members of the community. However, there is a need to investigate methods for improving the effectiveness of these programs and to develop interventions that are effective in reducing perceived and internalized stigma.

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Authors: Griffiths, K. M., Carron-Arthur, B., Parsons, A., & Reid, R.
Affiliations: Australian National University (AU)
Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University; Acton Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
Department of Defence (AU)
ORCID: Griffiths, Kathleen M.
Venue: World Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-06
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 161-175
ISSN: 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20129
PMC: PMC4102289
OpenAlex: W2019025429
Cited by: 466
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 4.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 457 d)
Locations: World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council (1059620)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Keywords: mental health stigma, stigma reduction interventions, personal stigma, social distance, perceived stigma, self-stigma, educational intervention, online intervention, depression, psychosis, mental illness

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Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

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