Immune aging and autoimmunity
Open accessAbstract
Age is an important risk for autoimmunity, and many autoimmune diseases preferentially occur in the second half of adulthood when immune competence has declined and thymic T cell generation has ceased. Many tolerance checkpoints have to fail for an autoimmune disease to develop, and several of those are susceptible to the immune aging process. Homeostatic T cell proliferation which is mainly responsible for T cell replenishment during adulthood can lead to the selection of T cells with increased affinity to self- or neoantigens and enhanced growth and survival properties. These cells can acquire a memory-like phenotype, in particular under lymphopenic conditions. Accumulation of end-differentiated effector T cells, either specific for self-antigen or for latent viruses, have a low activation threshold due to the expression of signaling and regulatory molecules and generate an inflammatory environment with their ability to be cytotoxic and to produce excessive amounts of cytokines and thereby inducing or amplifying autoimmune responses.
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The incidence of autoimmune diseases increases in later life as the ageing immune system becomes unable to fully tolerate self-antigens.
“The incidence of autoimmune diseases also increases in later life, as the ageing immune system becomes unable to fully tolerate self-antigens [19,37].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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Snyder, M. R. (2003) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.10.011 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Immune Aging and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Goronzy, J. J., Shao, L., & Weyand, C. M. (2010) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2010.03.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationMajor cutbacks at chromosome ends
Lansdorp, P. M. (2005) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.05.004 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
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Self-citationRobertson, J. D., Gale, R. E., Wynn, R. F., Dougal, M., Linch, D. C., Testa, N. G., & Chopra, R. (2000) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01970.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
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T cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis: what can we learn from lesional versus circulating T cells?
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Honda, M., Mengesha, E., Albano‐Aluquin, S., Nichols, W. S., Wallace, D. J., Al, M., Klinenberg, J. R., & Linker‐Israeli, M. (2001) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1006/clim.2001.5023 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
T cell costimulation by fractalkine‐expressing synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Sawai, H., Park, Y. W., Roberson, J., Imai, T., Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21140 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationViral triggers for autoimmunity: Is the ‘glass of molecular mimicry’ half full or half empty?
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Diversity of Human αβ T Cell Receptors
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The root of many evils: indolent large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated disorders
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T Cell Recognition and Killing of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pryshchep, S., Sato, K., Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2006) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000220649.10013.5c · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationAGE-RELATED INCREASE IN AUTOANTIBODIES
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Self-citationCutting Edge: Antigen-Dependent Regulation of Telomerase Activity in Murine T Cells
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TELOMERE REDUCTION IN SCLERODERMA PATIENTS: A POSSIBLE CAUSE FOR CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY
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Impaired apoptosis and immune senescence – cause or effect?
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BB rat lyp mutation and Type 1 diabetes
Ramanathan, S., & Poussier, P. (2001) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840115.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cellular immunity in Wegener's granulomatosis: Characterizing T lymphocytes
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Autoantibodies of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases in the Healthy Elderly
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The role of the activating receptor NKG2D in autoimmunity
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Moss, P. A. H. (2010) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.07.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Homeostatic T cell proliferation as a barrier to T cell tolerance
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Stem cell aging and autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis
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Self-citationTelomere Biology of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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T Cell Homeostasis and Autoreactivity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines
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Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging
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- Authors
- Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goronzy, Jörg J.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2012-04-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1615-1623
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC4277694
- OpenAlex
- W2072878467
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL058000, R01HL117913)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY011916)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI044142, R01AI108906, AI 90019, AI 57266, U19AI090019, U19AI057266)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR042527)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, autoimmunity, autoimmune disease, T cell tolerance, autoantigens, neoantigens, memory-like T cells, lymphopenia, effector T cells, latent viruses, cytokine production, T cell homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aging, Autoimmune Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Immune Tolerance, T-Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity, Models, Immunological, Cell Proliferation
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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