Cited by 410DNA Repair MechanismsDNA and Nucleic Acid ChemistryEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

DNA glycosylases: In DNA repair and beyond

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Jacobs, Angelika L., Schär, Primo·2012·Chromosoma

Abstract

The base excision repair machinery protects DNA in cells from the damaging effects of oxidation, alkylation, and deamination; it is specialized to fix single-base damage in the form of small chemical modifications. Base modifications can be mutagenic and/or cytotoxic, depending on how they interfere with the template function of the DNA during replication and transcription. DNA glycosylases play a key role in the elimination of such DNA lesions; they recognize and excise damaged bases, thereby initiating a repair process that restores the regular DNA structure with high accuracy. All glycosylases share a common mode of action for damage recognition; they flip bases out of the DNA helix into a selective active site pocket, the architecture of which permits a sensitive detection of even minor base irregularities. Within the past few years, it has become clear that nature has exploited this ability to read the chemical structure of DNA bases for purposes other than canonical DNA repair. DNA glycosylases have been brought into context with molecular processes relating to innate and adaptive immunity as well as to the control of DNA methylation and epigenetic stability. Here, we summarize the key structural and mechanistic features of DNA glycosylases with a special focus on the mammalian enzymes, and then review the evidence for the newly emerging biological functions beyond the protection of genome integrity.

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Authors
Jacobs, A. L., & Schär, P.
Affiliations
University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Schär, Primo
Venue
Chromosoma
Published
2011-11-03
Volume
121
Issue
1
Pages
1-20
ISSN
  • 0009-5915 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0886
OpenAlex
W2052679982
Cited by
407
References
177
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 16
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Chromosoma (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (122574, 31003A)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
DNA glycosylase, base excision repair, DNA damage recognition, base flipping, DNA oxidation, alkylation, deamination, mutagenesis, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, DNA methylation, epigenetic stability, genome stability
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, DNA Repair, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Structure-Activity Relationship, Genomic Instability, DNA Glycosylases

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