Cited by 94Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTryptophan and brain disordersNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Differential distribution and activation of microglia in the brain of male C57BL/6J mice

Yang, Ting-Ting, Lin, Chingju, Hsu, Chao-Tien, Wang, Tzu-Feng, Ke, Fang-Yi, Kuo, Yu-Min·2013·Brain Structure and Function

Abstract

Upon certain stimuli, microglia undergo different degrees of transformation in order to maintain homeostasis of the CNS. However, chronic microglia activation has been suggested to play an active role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The density of microglia and the degree of microglia activation vary among brain regions; such differences may underlie the brain region-specific characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal and spatial profiles of microglia activation induced by peripheral inflammation in male C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that, on average, microglia densities were highest in the cortex, followed by the limbic area, basal nuclei, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum. Among the 22 examined brain nuclei/regions, the substantia nigra had the highest microglia density. Microglia morphological changes were evident within 3 h after a single intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharides injection, with the highest degree of changes also in the substantia nigra. The lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation, determined by maximal cell size, was positively correlated with density of microglia and levels of TNFα receptor 1; it was not correlated with original microglia cell size or integrity of blood-brain barrier. The differential response of microglia also cannot be explained by different types of neurotransmitters. Our works suggest that the high density of microglia and the high levels of TNFα receptor 1 in the substantia nigra make this brain region the most susceptible area to systemic immunological insults.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00429-012-0446-x

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yang, T.-T., Lin, C., Hsu, C.-T., Wang, T.-F., Ke, F.-Y., & Kuo, Y.-M.
Affiliations
  • I-Shou University (TW)
  • China Medical University (TW)
  • E-Da Hospital (TW)
  • National Cheng Kung University (TW)
Corresponding author
  • Yang, Ting-Ting
  • Kuo, Yu-Min
Venue
Brain Structure and Function
Published
2012-08-12
Volume
218
Issue
4
Pages
1051-1060
ISSN
  • 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
  • 1863-2661
OpenAlex
W2052144601
Cited by
92
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
microglia, microglial activation, microglial density, substantia nigra, lipopolysaccharide, peripheral inflammation, TNF receptor 1, blood-brain barrier, neurodegenerative diseases, C57BL/6J mice, brain regions
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain, Cell Count, Inflammation, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Microglia, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review