Differential distribution and activation of microglia in the brain of male C57BL/6J mice
Abstract
Upon certain stimuli, microglia undergo different degrees of transformation in order to maintain homeostasis of the CNS. However, chronic microglia activation has been suggested to play an active role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The density of microglia and the degree of microglia activation vary among brain regions; such differences may underlie the brain region-specific characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal and spatial profiles of microglia activation induced by peripheral inflammation in male C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that, on average, microglia densities were highest in the cortex, followed by the limbic area, basal nuclei, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum. Among the 22 examined brain nuclei/regions, the substantia nigra had the highest microglia density. Microglia morphological changes were evident within 3 h after a single intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharides injection, with the highest degree of changes also in the substantia nigra. The lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation, determined by maximal cell size, was positively correlated with density of microglia and levels of TNFα receptor 1; it was not correlated with original microglia cell size or integrity of blood-brain barrier. The differential response of microglia also cannot be explained by different types of neurotransmitters. Our works suggest that the high density of microglia and the high levels of TNFα receptor 1 in the substantia nigra make this brain region the most susceptible area to systemic immunological insults.
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Previous immunohistochemical studies of microglia did not distinguish between SNc and SNr.
“previous immunohistochemical studies of microglia did not distinguish between SNc/SNr (Lawson et al., 1990; Sharaf et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2013)”
From Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia (2017) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2013
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Additional file 7 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
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Additional file 4 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
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Additional file 1 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
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Additional file 5 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
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Additional file 6 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
Heng, Y., Zhang, X., Borggrewe, M., van Weering, H. R. J., Brummer, M. L., Nijboer, T. W., Joosten, L. A. B., Netea, M. G., Boddeke, E., Laman, J. D., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14091483
Additional file 3 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
Heng, Y., Zhang, X., Borggrewe, M., van Weering, H. R. J., Brummer, M. L., Nijboer, T. W., Joosten, L. A. B., Netea, M. G., Boddeke, E., Laman, J. D., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14091474
Additional file 8 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
Heng, Y., Zhang, X., Borggrewe, M., van Weering, H. R. J., Brummer, M. L., Nijboer, T. W., Joosten, L. A. B., Netea, M. G., Boddeke, E., Laman, J. D., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14091489
Additional file 2 of Systemic administration of β-glucan induces immune training in microglia
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- Authors
- Yang, T.-T., Lin, C., Hsu, C.-T., Wang, T.-F., Ke, F.-Y., & Kuo, Y.-M.
- Affiliations
- I-Shou University (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- E-Da Hospital (TW)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Ting-Ting
- Kuo, Yu-Min
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2012-08-12
- Volume
- 218
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1051-1060
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- OpenAlex
- W2052144601
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- microglia, microglial activation, microglial density, substantia nigra, lipopolysaccharide, peripheral inflammation, TNF receptor 1, blood-brain barrier, neurodegenerative diseases, C57BL/6J mice, brain regions
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain, Cell Count, Inflammation, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Microglia, Mice
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