An inflammatory review of Parkinson's disease

Orr, C.F; Rowe, D.B; Halliday, G.M

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00127-2

Cited by 309Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

An inflammatory review of Parkinson's disease

Orr, C.F, Rowe, D.B, Halliday, G.M·2002·Progress in Neurobiology

DOI 10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00127-2

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Abstract

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) were first described nearly two centuries ago and its characteristic pathology identified nearly a century ago, yet its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder and research into its pathogenesis recently accelerated following the identification of a number of causal genetic mutations. The mutant gene products all cause dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteosome system, identifying protein modification and degradation as critical for pathogenesis. Modified non-degraded intracellular proteins accumulate in certain neuronal populations in all forms of the disease. However, neuronal degeneration is more highly selective and associates with substantial activation of microglia, the inflammatory cells of the brain. We review the current change in thinking regarding the role of microglia in the brain in the context of Parkinson's disease and animal models of the disease. Comparison of the cellular tissue changes across a number of animal models using diverse stimuli to mimic Parkinson's disease reveals a consistent pattern implicating microglia as the effector for the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. While previous reviews have concentrated on the intracellular neuronal changes in Parkinson's disease, we highlight the cell to cell interactions and immune regulation critical for neuronal homeostasis and survival in Parkinson's disease.

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PD is a chronic and progressive movement disorder.
“while the PD is a chronic and progressive movement disorder (Orr et al., 2002).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Orr et al., 2002
Lewy bodies are constituted by α-syn, parkin, phosphorylated neurofilament and components of the protheosomic-ubiquitin pathway.
“These aggregates (deposited in somas and axons) are constituted by α-syn, parkin, phosphorylated neurofilament and components of the protheosomic-ubiquitin pathway (Orr et al., 2002).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Orr et al., 2002
Gliosis in PD is atypical: astrogliosis is largely absent while microglia is highly activated.
“Gliosis in the PD is an atypical activation where astrogliosis is largely absent while the microglia is highly activated by the disease.”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Orr et al., 2002
Low astroglial response in PD may be caused by degeneration due to increased α-syn in astrocytes.
“The low astroglial response may be caused by degeneration due to an increase of α-syn in the astrocyte (Stefanova et al., 2001; Orr et al., 2002; Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Orr et al., 2002

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Authors: Orr, C. F., Rowe, D. B., & Halliday, G. M.
Affiliations: Royal North Shore Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author: Halliday, G.M
ORCID: Orr, C.F
Rowe, D.B
Halliday, G.M
Venue: Progress in Neurobiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 68
Issue: 5
Pages: 325-340
ISSN: 0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00127-2
OpenAlex: W2039542458
Cited by: 309
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 2.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation, microglia, dopaminergic neuron loss, ubiquitin-proteasome system, genetic mutations, protein aggregation, Parkinson's disease model, immune regulation, neuronal homeostasis
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Gangliosides, Humans, Immunologic Surveillance, Lipopolysaccharides, Neurons, Parkinson Disease, Rotenone, Monitoring, Immunologic, Signal Transduction, 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, Oxidopamine, Microglia

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An inflammatory review of Parkinson's disease

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