Physical exercise induces structural alterations in the hippocampal astrocytes: exploring the role of BDNF-TrkB signaling
Abstract
While it has been known that physical activity can improve cognitive function and protect against neurodegeneration, the underlying mechanisms for these protective effects are yet to be fully elucidated. There is a large body of evidence indicating that physical exercise improves neurogenesis and maintenance of neurons. Yet, its possible effects on glial cells remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether physical exercise in mice alters the expression of trophic factor-related genes and the status of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In addition to a significant increase in Bdnf mRNA and protein levels, we found that 4 weeks of treadmill and running wheel exercise in mice, led to (1) a significant increase in synaptic load in the dentate gyrus, (2) alterations in astrocytic morphology, and (3) orientation of astrocytic projections towards dentate granule cells. Importantly, these changes were possibly linked to increased TrkB receptor levels in astrocytes. Our study suggests that astrocytes actively respond and could indeed mediate the positive effects of physical exercise on the central nervous system and potentially counter degenerative processes during aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Long-term endurance training increases TrkB receptor expression in structures involved in extrapyramidal movement regulation, i.e., the ST and midbrain.
“Animal studies have shown that long-term endurance training increased both TrkB receptor and TH expression in structures involved in extrapyramidal movement regulation, i.e., in the ST and midbrain [128,129,179,183,184,185].”
From BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
Long-term endurance training increases TH expression in structures involved in extrapyramidal movement regulation, i.e., the ST and midbrain.
“Animal studies have shown that long-term endurance training increased both TrkB receptor and TH expression in structures involved in extrapyramidal movement regulation, i.e., in the ST and midbrain [128,129,179,183,184,185].”
From BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
Physical exercise increases new neuron production and improves behaviors associated with the hippocampus, also stimulates astrocyte growth and reduced microglial reactivity.
“Physical exercise, which increases new neuron production and improves behaviors associated with the hippocampus, also stimulates astrocyte growth (Brockett et al., 2015; Fahimi et al., 2017) and reduced microglial reactivity (Kohman et al., 2012, 2013).”
From Adult neurogenesis, glia, and the extracellular matrix (2019) · cites this paper as Fahimi et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Fahimi, A., Baktir, M. A., Moghadam, S., Mojabi, F. S., Sumanth, K., McNerney, M. W., Ponnusamy, R., & Salehi, A.
- Affiliations
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salehi, Ahmad
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2016-09-29
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1797-1808
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- OpenAlex
- W2525374103
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lumind (NA)
- Fondation Jérôme Lejeune (NA)
- Alzheimer's Association
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Keywords
- physical activity, hippocampal astrocytes, BDNF/TrkB signaling, BDNF expression, TrkB receptor, dentate gyrus, astrocyte morphology, astrocyte-neuron interaction, treadmill running, running wheel exercise, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, aging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Astrocytes, Hippocampus, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Neuronal Plasticity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Receptor, trkB
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