Neuropsychological characteristics as predictors of SSRI treatment response in depressed subjects
Open accessAbstract
Studies suggest that neuropsychological measures may provide prognostic information regarding SSRI treatment response, yet it is unclear which specific cognitive domains are the most effectual predictors. The aim of this study was to characterize the cognitive profile associated with SSRI nonresponse using a comprehensive set of neuropsychological tests. Participants (N = 32) met criteria for current major depressive episode. Assessment followed pre-treatment medication washout. Clinical response was measured after 3-month open-label SSRI treatment. Groups did not differ by demographic characteristics, intelligence or depression severity. Responders outperformed nonresponders across all cognitive domains, with the largest differences observed in executive, language and working memory functions. Results indicate poorer global cognitive functioning is predictive of treatment nonresponse. Deficits were most pronounced in tests demanding greater mental search and manipulation rather than speeded motor output. Cognitive slowing may mediate the working memory and executive function deficits found in nonresponders. These findings can inform exploration for pharmacogenetic endophenotypes.
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The most frequent findings include small to moderate deficits in attention, working memory, learning, processing speed, and executive functions in major depressive disorder.
“The most frequent findings include small to moderate deficits in attention [22], working memory [25], learning [10], processing speed [26], and executive functions [27].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Some pilot studies show that cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder patients may predict non-response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or dual serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors.
“Furthermore, some pilot studies show that cognitive deficits in MDD patients may predict non-response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or dual serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), indicating that poor performance in selected cognitive domains may define a patient subgroup that requires complex or additional treatment [21–23].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Gorlyn, M., Keilp, J. G., Grunebaum, M. F., Taylor, B. P., Oquendo, M. A., Bruder, G. E., Stewart, J. W., Zalsman, G., & Mann, J. J.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Gorlyn, Marianne
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Transmission
- Published
- 2008-07-16
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1213-1219
- ISSN
- 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1463
- PMC
- PMC3767987
- OpenAlex
- W2048359686
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-062185, R01MH062155, MH-062155, R01MH036295, P50MH062185)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, treatment non-response, neuropsychological predictors, cognitive profile, executive function, working memory, language functions, cognitive slowing, pharmacogenetics, endophenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Multivariate Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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