The Significance of Sigma Neurofeedback Training on Sleep Spindles and Aspects of Declarative Memory
Open accessAbstract
The functional significance of sleep spindles for overnight memory consolidation and general learning aptitude as well as the effect of four 10-minute sessions of spindle frequency (11.6-16 Hz, sigma) neurofeedback-training on subsequent sleep spindle activity and overnight performance change was investigated. Before sleep, subjects were trained on a paired-associate word list task after having received either neurofeedback training (NFT) or pseudofeedback training (PFT). Although NFT had no significant impact on subsequent spindle activity and behavioral outcomes, there was a trend for enhanced sigma band-power during NREM (stage 2 to 4) sleep after NFT as compared to PFT. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between spindle activity during slow wave sleep (in the first night half) and overall memory performance was revealed. The results support the view that the considerable inter-individual variance in sleep spindle activity can at least be partly explained by differences in the ability to acquire new declarative information. We conclude that the short NFT before sleep was not sufficient to efficiently enhance phasic spindle activity and/or to influence memory processing. NFT was, however, successful in increasing sigma power, presumably because sigma NFT effects become more easily evident in actually trained frequency bands than in associated phasic spindle activity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Indicators of sleep spindle expression consistently correlated with the amount of overnight retention of declarative memories.
“Furthermore, indicators of sleep spindle expression consistently correlated with the amount of overnight retention of declarative memories (86,213,214,235,446,562,822,1016,1024,1037,1044,1057).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [86]
The Results section reports no significant correlation between spindle activity and overnight change in memory performance. The Discussion likewise says this study did not find the expected involvement of spindle activity in overnight consolidation. Its positive correlations concern overall memory performance, not overnight retention; the Introduction describes positive findings from earlier studies. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNeurofeedback training to voluntarily increase EEG power in the 11.6-16 Hz sigma frequency band produced a small increase in sigma power also during subsequent sleep, but this increase was not associated with any change in the overnight retention of declarative memories.
“In another approach, neurofeedback training to voluntarily increase EEG power in the 11.6 -16 Hz sigma frequency band produced a small increase in sigma power also during subsequent sleep (86).This increase, however, was not associated with any change in the overnight retention of declarative memories.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [86]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · see citing works
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · see citing works
The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation
Jasper, H. H. (1958) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · Cited by 6,567 · see citing works
A Rating Instrument For Anxiety Disorders
Zung, W. W. K. (1971) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(71)71479-0 · Cited by 4,578 · see citing works
(1976) · PubMed · Cited by 3,979 · see citing works
Klem, G. H., Lüders, H. O., Jasper, H. H., & Elger, C. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology
(1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90118-x · Cited by 1,759 · see citing works
Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00746-8 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
Event-related cortical desynchronization detected by power measurements of scalp EEG
Pfurtscheller, G., & Aranibar, A. (1977) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(77)90235-8 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Learning-dependent increases in sleep spindle density
Gais, S., Mölle, M., Helms, K., & Born, J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06830.2002 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Sleep Spindles and Their Significance for Declarative Memory Consolidation
Schabus, M., Gruber, G., Parapatics, S., Sauter, C., Klösch, G., Anderer, P., Klimesch, W., Saletu, B., & Zeitlhofer, J. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1479 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance
Vernon, D. J., Egner, T., Cooper, N., Compton, T., Neilands, C., Sheri, A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00091-0 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00353-5 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Hanslmayr, S., Sauseng, P., Doppelmayr, M. M., Schabus, M., & Klimesch, W. (2005) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-005-2169-8 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationOvernight verbal memory retention correlates with the number of sleep spindles
Clemens, Z., Fabó, D., & Halász, P. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.011 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3650571 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Schabus, M., Hödlmoser, K., Gruber, G., Sauter, C., Anderer, P., Klösch, G., Parapatics, S., Saletu, B., Klimesch, W., & Zeitlhofer, J. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04694.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationSpindle frequency activity in the sleep EEG: individual differences and topographical distribution
Werth, E., Achermann, P., Dijk, D., & Borbély, A. A. (1997) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00070-9 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
An electroencephalographic fingerprint of human sleep
De Gennaro, L., Ferrara, M., Vecchio, F., Curcio, G., & Bertini, M. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.020 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Maquet, P., Smith, C. T., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.001.0001 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Impaired motor memory for a pursuit rotor task following Stage 2 sleep loss in college students
SMITH, C., & MACNEILL, C. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00133.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Cortical self-regulation in patients with epilepsies
Rockstroh, B. S., Elbert, T. R., Birbaumer, N., Wolf, P., Düchting-Röth, A., Reker, M., Daum, I., Lutzenberger, W., & DICHGANS, J. (1993) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/0920-1211(93)90075-i · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Facilitation of Spindle-Burst Sleep by Conditioning of Electroencephalographic Activity While Awake
Sterman, M. B., Howe, R. C., & Macdonald, L. R. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.167.3921.1146 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback on personality and mood
Raymond, J., Varney, C., Parkinson, L. A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.10.023 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Prediction of general mental ability based on neural oscillation measures of sleep
BÓDIZS, R., KIS, T., LÁZÁR, A. S., HAVRÁN, L., RIGÓ, P., CLEMENS, Z., & HALÁSZ, P. (2005) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00472.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Montplaisir, J. Y., Petit, D., Lorrain, D., Gauthier, S. G., & Nielsen, T. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.3.145 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Treating Psychophysiologic Insomnia With Biofeedback
Hauri, P. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780320032002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The effects of neurofeedback training on the spectral topography of the electroencephalogram
Egner, T., Zech, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2004.05.033 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Sleep enhances explicit recollection in recognition memory
Drosopoulos, S., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.83805 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Automatic Sleep-Spindle Detection Procedure: Aspects of Reliability and Validity
Schimicek, P., Zeitlhofer, J., Anderer, P., & Saletu, B. (1994) · Clinical Electroencephalography · doi:10.1177/155005949402500108 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Knoblauch, V. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.10.1092 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Neurofeedback as a Treatment for ADHD: A Methodological Review with Implications for Future Research
Vernon, D. J., Frick, A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004) · Journal of Neurotherapy · doi:10.1300/j184v08n02_04 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Development of Sleep Spindles in Young Children and Adolescents
Shinomiya, S., Nagata, K., Takahashi, K., & Masumura, T. (1999) · Clinical Electroencephalography · doi:10.1177/155005949903000203 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Walking through a Maze Alters the Architecture of Sleep
Meier-Koll, A., Bussmann, B., Schmidt, C., & Neuschwander, D. (1999) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1999.88.3c.1141 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Learned control of slow potential interhemispheric asymmetry in schizophrenia
Gruzelier, J. H., Hardman, E., Wild, J., & Zaman, R. (1999) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00091-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The stability of the sigma sleep spindle
Silverstein, L. D., & Levy, C. M. (1976) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(76)90142-5 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Regional differences in the circadian modulation of human sleep spindle characteristics
Knoblauch, V., Martens, W. L. J., Wirz‐Justice, A., Kräuchi, K., & Cajochen, C. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02729.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A Role For Stage 2 Sleep in Memory Processing
Nader, R. S., & Smith, C. T. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nocturnal sleep in severely mentally retarded children: Abnormal eeg patterns in sleep cycle
Shibagaki, M., Kiyono, S., & Watanabe, K. (1980) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(80)90228-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Novel object presentation affects sleep–wake behavior in rats
Schiffelholz, T., & Aldenhoff, J. B. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00452-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Eeg activity in the 13-15 HZ band correlates with intelligence in healthy elderly women
Patterson, M. B., Gluck, H., & Mack, J. L. (1983) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207458308986570 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Order and disorder in the brain function.
Quadens, O. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
“6–16 Hz sigma frequency band produced a small increase in sigma power also during subsequent sleep (86).”
BackgroundGruzelier, J. H. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.015 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
What is Neurofeedback: An Update
Hammond, D. C. (2011) · Journal of Neurotherapy · doi:10.1080/10874208.2011.623090 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Gruzelier, J. H. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.015 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Interindividual sleep spindle differences and their relation to learning-related enhancements
Schabus, M., Hoedlmoser, K., Pecherstorfer, T., Anderer, P., Gruber, G., Parapatics, S., Sauter, C., Kloesch, G., Klimesch, W., Saletu, B., et al. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.106 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationHoedlmoser, K., Pecherstorfer, T., Gruber, G., Anderer, P., Doppelmayr, M. M., Klimesch, W., & Schabus, M. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep/31.10.1401 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationRogala, J., Jurewicz, K., Paluch, K., Kublik, E., Cetnarski, R., & Wróbel, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00301 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Cortoos, A., Valck, E. D., Arns, M., BRETELER, M. H. M., & Cluydts, R. (2009) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9116-z · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Enhancing sleep quality and memory in insomnia using instrumental sensorimotor rhythm conditioning
Schabus, M., Heib, D. P. J., Lechinger, J., Griessenberger, H., Klimesch, W., Pawlizki, A., Kunz, A. B., Sterman, B. M., & Hoedlmoser, K. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.020 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationLustenberger, C., Wehrle, F. M., Tüshaus, L., Achermann, P., & Huber, R. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4820 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback
Omejc, N., Rojc, B., Battaglini, P. P., & Marusic, U. (2018) · Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences · doi:10.17305/bjbms.2018.3785 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Orndorff-Plunkett, F., Singh, F., Aragón, O. R., & Pineda, J. A. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7080095 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Jurewicz, K., Paluch, K., Kublik, E., Rogala, J., Mikicin, M., & Wróbel, A. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Gevensleben, H., Albrecht, B., Lütcke, H., Auer, T., Dewiputri, W. I., Schweizer, R., Moll, G. H., Heinrich, H., & Rothenberger, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00990 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Neurofeedback Training Improves the Dual-Task Performance Ability in Stroke Patients
Lee, Y.-S., Bae, S.-H., Lee, S., & Kim, K.-Y. (2015) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.236.81 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mondino, A., González, J., Li, D., Mateos, D. M., Osorio, L., Cavelli, M., Castro‐Nin, J. P., Serantes, D., Costa, A., Vanini, G., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15690 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kober, S. E., Witte, M., Neuper, C., & Wood, G. M. D. O. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.06.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairments of Sleep-Deprived Ovariectomized (OVX) Female Rats by Voluntary Exercise
Rajizadeh, M. A., Esmaeilpour, K., Motamedy, S., Borzadaran, F. M., & Sheibani, V. (2020) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.9.10.505 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Beware: Recruitment of Muscle Activity by the EEG-Neurofeedback Trainings of High Frequencies
Paluch, K., Jurewicz, K., Rogala, J., Krauz, R., Szczypińska, M., Mikicin, M., Wróbel, A., & Kublik, E. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00119 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Comprehensive Neurofeedback Bibliography: 2007 Update
Hammond, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Neurotherapy · doi:10.1080/10874200802126241 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Khodakarami, Z., & Firoozabadi, M. (2020) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.11.5.1878.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
van den Berg, N. H., Benoit, A., Toor, B., & Fogel, S. (2019) · Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813743-7.00030-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jackson, L., Han, Y., & Evans, L. H. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105455 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jacques, C., Quiquempoix, M., Sauvet, F., Quyen, M. L. V., Gomez-Mérino, D., & Chennaoui, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1412289 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Spectral and temporal characterization of sleep spindles—methodological implications
Gómez‐Pilar, J., Gutiérrez‐Tobal, G. C., Poza, J., Fogel, S. M., Doyon, J., Northoff, G., & Hornero, R. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abe8ad · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Heart Rate Recovery Predicts Memory Performance in Older Adults
Pearman, A. M., & Lachman, M. E. (2009) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9113-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Basiri, N., Khayyer, Z., Hadianfard, H., & Ghaderi, A. (2017) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v9n7p35 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yeh, W.-H., Ju, Y.-J., Shaw, F., & Liu, Y.-T. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01634-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Choi, J.-W., Yang, S., & Kim, J. W. (2024) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s454881 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
REM Sleep Preserves Affective Response to Social Stress—Experimental Study
Halonen, R., Kuula, L., Selin, M., Suutari, A., Antila, M., & Pesonen, A. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0453-23.2024 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Infra-low frequency neurofeedback and insomnia as a model of CNS dysregulation
Moore, P. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.959491 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neurofeedback Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep
Hammond, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Neurotherapy · doi:10.1080/10874208.2012.677650 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hoedlmoser, K., Dang‐Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., & Schabus, M. (2011) · Repository of the University of Namur · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAlexander, B., Lizeth, H., Huibert, D. M., & Linkenkaer‐Hansen, K. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/24885 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Modern nondrug methods of human sleep regulation
Fedotchev, A. I. (2011) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119710061027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jeong, E.-S., Lee, J. E., Jung, H.-M., Kim, S., Youn, M.-K., & Lee, E.-H. (2016) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2016.17.12.569 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Neurofeedback on Memory of Migraine Patient
Asbaghi, E. (2012) · Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9562.1000138 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Covering the Gap Between Sleep and Cognition – Mechanisms and Clinical Examples
Gómez‐Pilar, J., Gutiérrez‐Tobal, G. C., & Hornero, R. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Differenciálpszichológia alvásélettani megközelítésben: az egyéni EEG-mintázatok jelentősége
Bódizs, R. (2008) · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle · doi:10.1556/mpszle.63.2008.1.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jamebozorgi, A. A., Bolghanabadi, Z., Mahdizadeh, A., & Irani, A. (2020) · فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توانبخشی · doi:10.32598/rj.21.1.2843.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Koomen, A. P., Keeser, D., & Verhagen-Schouten, S. (2021) · Applied Neuroscience and Mental Health · doi:10.31739/anamh.2021.1.30 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Neurofeedback on Cognitive Function of Headache Patient
Narimani, M. (2013) · Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.4172/2161-0487.1000119
The Proposal of Investigating the Possible Extraversion Effect in the Neurofeedback
Vorkapić, S. T. (2017) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20170704.04
Mapping of executive functions in children and adolescents born very preterm
Wehrle, F. M. (2016) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-131858
Je Voudrais Parler Français: Brain Activity During Sleep Supports Second Language Learning
Thompson, K. (2020) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-25108
Pagel, J. F. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99738-6.00011-3
Sleep, Neurocognitive Function, Learning, and Memory
Baena, D., Alyssa, P., Hordijk, J., Ray, L. B., & Fogel, S. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197602751.013.2
Hagihara, M., Ohkuma, R., Fujimaki, T., Tamaki, M., Takemi, M., & Machizawa, M. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.685283
- Authors
- Berner, I., Schabus, M., Wienerroither, T., & Klimesch, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Salzburg (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Berner, I.
- Venue
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97-114
- ISSN
- 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
- 1090-0586
- 1573-3270
- PMC
- PMC3000596
- OpenAlex
- W2002191748
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep spindles, declarative memory, memory consolidation, slow-wave sleep, NREM sleep, paired-associate learning
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alpha Rhythm, Anxiety, Biofeedback, Psychology, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Memory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep, Sleep Stages
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
