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Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases
Open accessAbstract
The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, synthesized in both central nervous system and the periphery, that exerts its actions upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors. Dopamine receptors are widely expressed in the body and function in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Dopaminergic signaling pathways are crucial to the maintenance of physiological processes and an unbalanced activity may lead to dysfunctions that are related to neurodegenerative diseases. Unveiling the neurobiology and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these illnesses may contribute to the development of new therapies that could promote a better quality of life for patients worldwide. In this review, we summarize the aspects of dopamine as a catecholaminergic neurotransmitter and discuss dopamine signaling pathways elicited through dopamine receptor activation in normal brain function. Furthermore, we describe the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of some diseases in the nervous system, such as Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, Huntington's, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Addiction. A brief description of new dopaminergic drugs recently approved and under development treatments for these ailments is also provided.
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“One of the reasons that hinder the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is the lack of complete understanding of the underlying molecular pathology [16].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bittencourt, Jackson C.
- Correa, Ricardo G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2018-11-16
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-59
- ISSN
- 0272-4340 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6830
- PMC
- PMC11469830
- OpenAlex
- W2901208536
- Cited by
- 1,073
- References
- 472
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 214 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 27
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dopamine, dopaminergic signaling, dopamine receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, catecholamine neurotransmitters, neuromodulation, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, addiction, dopaminergic therapy, reward and motivation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Models, Biological, Nervous System Diseases, Signal Transduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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