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A Common Genetic Factor Explains the Covariation Among ADHD ODD and CD Symptoms in 9–10 Year Old Boys and Girls
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies examining the covariation among Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies have concluded that the covariation among these symptoms is due to common genetic influences, whereas others have found a common environmental overlap. The present study investigated the genetic and environmental correlations among these three childhood disorders, based on a sample of 1,219 twins, age 9-10 years. A latent externalizing behavior factor was found to explain the covariance among ADHD, ODD and CD symptoms. Genetic influences explained more than half of the variance in this externalizing factor in both boys and girls. There were also unique genetic and environmental influences in each set of symptoms, suggesting some etiological independence of the three disorders. Our findings have implications for molecular genetic studies trying to identify susceptibility genes for these disorders.
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“with no signi fi cant data on shared environmental e ff ects”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009
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“Most studies hold that the majority of the variance of ADHD, CD and ODD is explained by unique and non-shared genetic and environmental e ff ects”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009
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“to a lesser extent (19%), to non-shared environment e ff ects”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tuvblad, C., Zheng, M., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tuvblad, Catherine
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2008-11-18
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-167
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC2634815
- OpenAlex
- W2072843404
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH58354, K02MH001114, K02 MH01114-08, R01MH058354)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, genetic factors, environmental influences, externalizing problems, twin studies, children with behavioral disorders, susceptibility genes, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, DNA, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Twins, Microsatellite Repeats, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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