Genetic effects on the variation and covariation of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatologies across informant and occasion of measurement
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that the presence of conduct disorder may contribute to the persistence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology into adolescence; however, the aetiological relationship between the two phenotypes remains undetermined. Furthermore, studies utilizing multiple informants have indicated that teacher ratings of these phenotypes are more valid than maternal reports. Methods The genetic structure underlying the persistence of ADHD and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatologies as rated by mothers and teachers at two occasions of measurement was investigated on a sample of 494 male and 603 female same sex adolescent twin pairs participating in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD). Results Using structural modelling techniques, one common genetic factor was shown to govern the covariation between the phenotypes across informants and occasion of measurement with additional genetic factors specific to ODD/CD symptomatology and persistence of symptomatology at reassessment. Genetic structures underlying the phenotypes were, to some extent, informant dependent. Conclusions The findings indicate that it is unlikely that the co-morbidity between ADHD and ODD/CD is due to environmental influences that are independent of ADHD. Rather it is likely to be due to a shared genetic liability either operating directly, or indirectly through gene-environment correlations or…
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There are no significant data on shared environmental effects for the covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD.
“with no signi fi cant data on shared environmental e ff ects”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Nadder et al., 2002
The covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD is mostly attributed to genetic influences.
“The covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD is mostly attributed to genetic in fl uences”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Nadder, Rutter, Silberg, Maes, & Eaves, 2002
Existing literature is sufficiently consistent to conclude that comorbidity between CD, ODD, and ADHD may be primarily attributed to genetic influence and unique environment effects.
“existing literature seems to be su ffi ciently consistent to conclude that it may be primarily attributed to genetic in fl uence (Dick et al., 2005; Martin et al., 2006; Nadder et al., 2002; Tuvblad et al., 2009) and unique environment e ff ects”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Nadder et al., 2002
Comorbidity between ADHD, CD, and ODD may be based on a general syndrome of disruptive behavior that predisposes to any of the disorders.
“The comorbidity between the three disorders may be based on a general syndrome of disruptive behavior that the children present and predispose to any of the disorders”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Nadder et al., 2002
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- Authors
- NADDER, T. S., RUTTER, M., SILBERG, J. L., MAES, H. H., & EAVES, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-53
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2021930047
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH45268, MH-5557, R01MH045268)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, informant differences, teacher ratings, maternal report, gene-environment correlation, sex differences, adolescent twins
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Diseases in Twins, Faculty, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Virginia, Observer Variation, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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