Cited by 134Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

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A Common Genetic Factor Explains the Covariation Among ADHD ODD and CD Symptoms in 9–10 Year Old Boys and Girls

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Tuvblad, Catherine, Zheng, Mo, Raine, Adrian, Baker, Laura A.·2009·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology

DOI 10.1007/s10802-008-9278-9PMC PMC2634815

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Abstract

Previous studies examining the covariation among Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies have concluded that the covariation among these symptoms is due to common genetic influences, whereas others have found a common environmental overlap. The present study investigated the genetic and environmental correlations among these three childhood disorders, based on a sample of 1,219 twins, age 9-10 years. A latent externalizing behavior factor was found to explain the covariance among ADHD, ODD and CD symptoms. Genetic influences explained more than half of the variance in this externalizing factor in both boys and girls. There were also unique genetic and environmental influences in each set of symptoms, suggesting some etiological independence of the three disorders. Our findings have implications for molecular genetic studies trying to identify susceptibility genes for these disorders.

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Authors: Tuvblad, C., Zheng, M., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Tuvblad, Catherine
ORCID: Tuvblad, Catherine
Zheng, Mo
Raine, Adrian
Baker, Laura A.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-11-18
Volume: 37
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-167
ISSN: 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
1573-2835
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-008-9278-9
PMC: PMC2634815
OpenAlex: W2072843404
Cited by: 134
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 4.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH58354, K02MH001114, K02 MH01114-08, R01MH058354)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, genetic factors, environmental influences, externalizing problems, twin studies, children with behavioral disorders, susceptibility genes, sex differences
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, DNA, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Twins, Microsatellite Repeats, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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A Common Genetic Factor Explains the Covariation Among ADHD ODD and CD Symptoms in 9–10 Year Old Boys and Girls

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