Prediction of Preschool Aggression from DRD4 Risk, Parental ADHD Symptoms, and Home Chaos
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of a child's DRD4 risk, parental levels of ADHD symptoms, and the interactive influence of these factors on the development of preschool aggression. Additionally, the study investigated the role of home chaos as a mediator between parental ADHD symptoms and child aggression. The sample consisted of 84 4.5-year-old children and their parents. Children were genotyped for the DRD4 polymorphism. ADHD symptoms were self-reported by parents when the child was 2 to 6 months old. Parental reports of home chaos and the child's aggression were collected 4 years later. Child's DRD4 risk and parental ADHD symptoms significantly contributed to the prediction of preschool aggression. However, contrary to our hypotheses, no interactions were found between the child's DRD4 risk and the levels of parental ADHD symptoms. Home chaos played a mediating role in the relation between paternal ADHD symptoms and the child's aggression. The relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and the child's aggression was not significantly mediated through the level of home chaos. The current study emphasizes the importance of longitudinally investigating the contribution of parental ADHD symptoms to child aggression, while also exploring the differential contribution of maternal/paternal inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. Moreover, home chaos was found to be a significant environmental mechanism through which paternal ADHD symptoms affect children's aggression in the preschool years.
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DRD4 7 R was associated with significantly higher aggression than those without 7 R allele (beta=0.21, p < 0.05).
“DRD4 7 R associated with significantly higher aggression than those without 7 R allele (beta=0.21, p < 0.05)”
From Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Farbiash [79]
The larger repeat (7 R or 6-8 R) DRD4 alleles were associated with high aggression in an Italian sample, the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, and the Ben-Gurion University Infant Developmental Study.
“The larger repeat (7 R or 6-8 R) alleles were associated with high aggression in an Italian sample [77], the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk study [78], and the Ben-Gurion University Infant Developmental Study [79]”
From Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
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Self-citationCherepkova, E. V., Maksimov, V. N., Aftanas, L. I., & Menshanov, P. N. (2015) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.10.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mullineaux, P. Y., & DiLalla, L. F. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0306-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“that the DRD4 gene, which encodes proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, is related to a number of externalizing types of behaviors, such as novelty seeking, aggression, and hyperactivity (Banaschewski et al. 2010; Farbiash et al. 2014; Ray et al. 2009).”
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“The literature has shown correlations between family environment and the presence of EB (Corapci & Wachs, 2002; Farbiash et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEinziger, T., Zilberman‐Hayun, Y., Atzaba‐Poria, N., Auerbach, J. G., & Berger, A. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.06.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Behavioral Genetics in Antisocial Spectrum Disorders with Particular Attention to Epigenetics
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Felnőttkori figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitás zavar és szülőség: Szakirodalmi összefoglaló
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Parents with ADHD supporting their preschoolers’ writing
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Palumbo, S., Grassi, G., Mariotti, V., & Pellegrini, S. (2025) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2025.102096
Hui, I. T. J., Teo, T. J. Y., Naidu, K. N. C., Teo, A. Z. J., Ng, W. Z., Gan, K., Ning, K. J., Ong, E. J., Neo, H. L. M., Wong, C. H. J., et al. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.109127
Chen, Z., Liu, C., Leve, L. D., Shaw, D. S., Natsuaki, M. N., Neiderhiser, J. M., & Ganiban, J. M. (2026) · Child Development · doi:10.1093/chidev/aacag177
Wang, J., Tan, R., Chen, S., & Chen, X. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16101817
“…study found that household chaos had a significant positive influence on externalizing behaviors in preschool children, supporting Hypothesis 1 and aligning with the robust associations in prior research (Dong et al., 2023; Farbiash et al., 2014; Larsen & Jordan, 2020; Wilhoit et al., 2021).”
- Authors
- Farbiash, T., Berger, A., Atzaba-Poria, N., & Auerbach, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Farbiash, Tali
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2013-08-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 489-499
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1997885346
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- home chaos, mediation, maternal ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, child aggression, gene-environment interaction, early childhood development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aggression, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Polymorphism, Genetic, Social Environment, Child of Impaired Parents, Parenting, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Receptors, Dopamine D4
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