Variation in parasympathetic dysregulation moderates short-term memory problems in childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Although attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairment in working memory and short-term memory, up to half of individual children with ADHD perform within a normative range. Heterogeneity in other ADHD-related mechanisms, which may compensate for or combine with cognitive weaknesses, is a likely explanation. One candidate is the robustness of parasympathetic regulation (as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA). Theory and data suggest that a common neural network is likely tied to both heart-rate regulation and certain cognitive functions (including aspects of working and short-term memory). Cardiac-derived indices of parasympathetic reactivity were collected during short-term memory (STM) storage and rehearsal tasks from 243 children (116 ADHD, 127 controls). ADHD was associated with lower STM performance, replicating previous work. In addition, RSA reactivity moderated the association between STM and ADHD - both as a category and a dimension - independent of comorbidity. Specifically, conditional effects revealed that high levels of withdrawal interacted with weakened STM but high levels of augmentation moderated a positive association predicting ADHD. Thus, variations in parasympathetic reactivity may help explain neuropsychological heterogeneity in ADHD.
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Ward et al. (2015) found that children with higher ADHD symptoms showed worse task performance and reduced RSA withdrawal from baseline/rest to the task.
“Ward et al. (2015) measured short term memory and found that children with higher ADHD symptoms showed worse task performance and reduced RSA withdrawal from baseline/rest to the task, which is a sign of reduced functioning of the PNS when switching from a less-to a more-attentional demanding situations.”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Ward et al., 2015
The Results (Primary Analyses; page not available in our copy) show poorer short-term-memory task performance in children with ADHD. They do not show the claimed reduction in RSA withdrawal: RSA reactivity did not differ significantly between the ADHD and control groups. The Follow-Up Analyses instead report an interaction between memory performance and RSA change in predicting symptom scores, not a general finding that higher symptoms meant reduced withdrawal. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Ward, A. R., Alarcón, G., Nigg, J. T., & Musser, E. D.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ward, Anthony R.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2015-07-29
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1573-1583
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC4625793
- OpenAlex
- W2150651678
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007468)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH-59105, R37MH059105, R01MH059105)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, short-term memory, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate variability, moderation, children, working memory, cardiac reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
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