Thinking in Pictures as a Cognitive Account of Autism
Abstract
We analyze the hypothesis that some individuals on the autism spectrum may use visual mental representations and processes to perform certain tasks that typically developing individuals perform verbally. We present a framework for interpreting empirical evidence related to this "Thinking in Pictures" hypothesis and then provide comprehensive reviews of data from several different cognitive tasks, including the n-back task, serial recall, dual task studies, Raven's Progressive Matrices, semantic processing, false belief tasks, visual search, spatial recall, and visual recall. We also discuss the relationships between the Thinking in Pictures hypothesis and other cognitive theories of autism including Mindblindness, Executive Dysfunction, Weak Central Coherence, and Enhanced Perceptual Functioning.
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Autism has sometimes been associated with 'thinking in pictures'.
“autism has sometimes been associated with 'thinking in pictures' [81”
From Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes (2024) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Kunda, M., & Goel, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kunda, Maithilee
- ORCID
- Goel, Ashok K.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2010-11-20
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1157-1177
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1997532272
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Emory University
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, n-back task, serial recall, dual-task performance, Raven's Progressive Matrices, semantic processing, false belief tasks, visual search, spatial recall, visual recall, mindblindness, executive dysfunction, weak central coherence
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Cognition, Humans, Imagination, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Thinking, Verbal Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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