Cognitive mechanisms, specificity and neural underpinnings of visuospatial peaks in autism
Abstract
In order to explain the cognitive and cerebral mechanisms responsible for the visuospatial peak in autism, and to document its specificity to this condition, a group of eight high-functioning individuals with autism and a visuospatial peak (HFA-P) performed a modified block-design task (BDT; subtest from Wechsler scales) at various levels of perceptual cohesiveness, as well as tasks tapping visuomotor speed, global perception, visual memory, visual search and speed of visual encoding. Their performance was compared with that of 8 autistics without a visuospatial peak (HFA-NP), 10 typically developing individuals (TD) and 8 gifted comparison participants with a visuospatial peak (TD-P). Both HFA-P and HFA-NP groups presented with diminished detrimental influence of increasing perceptual coherence compared with their BDT-matched comparison groups. Neither autistic group displayed a deficit in construction of global representations. The HFA-P group showed no differences in performance level or profile in comparison with the gifted BDT-matched [i.e. higher full-scale IQ (FSIQ)] group, apart from locally oriented perception. Diminished detrimental influence of perceptual coherence on BDT performance is both sensitive and specific to autism, and superior low-level processing interacts with locally oriented bias to produce outstanding BDT performance in a subgroup of autistic individuals. Locally oriented processing, enhanced performance in multiple tasks relying on detection of simple visual material and enhanced discrimination of first-order gratings converge towards an enhanced functioning and role of the primary visual cortex (V1) in autism. In contrast, superior or typical performance of autistics in tasks requiring global processing is inconsistent with the global-deficit-driven Weak Central Coherence hypothesis and its neurobiological magnocellular deficit counterpart.
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Caron et al. (2006) found that in their geographically localized sample, 47% of the ASD-diagnosed population showed a Block Design Peak, as compared with 2% of the typical population.
“In their geographically localized sample, 47% of the ASD-diagnosed population showed this peak, as compared with 2% of the typical population.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Caron et al. (2006)
Caron et al. (2006) found reaction times for both featural and conjunction search were faster for individuals with Block Design peaks, irrespective of diagnosis, than for those without.
“They found that reaction times for both featural and conjunction search, were faster for the individuals with Block Design peaks, irrespective of diagnosis, than they were for those without.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Caron et al. (2006)
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- Authors
- Caron, M.-J.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Caron, M.-J.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-07-01
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1789-1802
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2097072002
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 7.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, high-functioning autism, local processing bias, global processing, primary visual cortex, weak central coherence, visual memory, visual search, visuomotor speed, gifted individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Cognition, Discrimination, Psychological, Humans, Intelligence, Memory, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Sensitivity and Specificity, Space Perception, Visual Perception
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