The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Visuo-Spatial Performance in Autism: A Meta-analysis
Abstract
Visuo-spatial skills are believed to be enhanced in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This meta-analysis tests the current state of evidence for Figure Disembedding, Block Design, Mental Rotation and Navon tasks in ASD and neurotypicals. Block Design (d = 0.32) and Figure Disembedding (d = 0.26) showed superior performance for ASD with large heterogeneity that is unaccounted for. No clear differences were found for Mental Rotation. ASD samples showed a stronger local processing preference for Navon tasks (d = 0.35); less clear evidence for performance differences of a similar magnitude emerged. We discuss the meta-analysis results together with other findings relating to visuo-spatial processing and three cognitive theories of ASD: Weak Central Coherence, Enhanced Perceptual Functioning and Extreme Male Brain theory.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“An increasing number of studies show that while autistic people outperform nonautistic people on a variety of tasks (e.g. Muth, Honekopp, & Falter, 2014; Remington & Fairnie, 2017; Samson, Mottron, Soulieres, & Zeffiro, 2012), these strengths are very rarely considered in the profile of autism (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Muth, Honekopp, & Falter, 2014
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154
Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects
Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.171.3972.701 · Cited by 6,246
Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception
Navon, D. (1977) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3 · Cited by 4,005
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
Emergence and Characterization of Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analysis
Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130467 · Cited by 3,234
The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders
Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 · Cited by 2,884
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism: An Update, and Eight Principles of Autistic Perception
Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulières, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 · Cited by 1,957
Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind
Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (1991) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x · Cited by 1,766
The Extreme Male-Brain Theory of Autism
Baron‐Cohen, S. (1999) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4945.003.0023 · Cited by 1,415
A Manual for the embedded figures tests
Witkin, H. A. (1971) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 1,204
The appropriateness of asymmetry tests for publication bias in meta-analyses: A large survey
Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Trikalinos, T. A. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.060410 · Cited by 1,052 · cited 1×
“In the face of heterogeneity, formal tests of publication bias are often not very useful (Ioannidis and Trikalinos 2007).”
BackgroundWhy Do Autistic Individuals Show Superior Performance on the Block Design Task?
Shah, A., & Uta Frith, A. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x · Cited by 941
An islet of ability in autistic children: a research note
Shah, A., & Frith, U. (1983) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x · Cited by 888
Vision in autism spectrum disorders
Simmons, D. R., Robertson, A. E., McKay, L. S., Toal, E., McAleer, P., & Pollick, F. E. (2009) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005 · Cited by 827
Are People with Autism and Asperger Syndrome Faster Than Normal on the Embedded Figures Test?
Jolliffe, T., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x · Cited by 768
Levy, S. E., Mandell, D. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61376-3 · Cited by 651
The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research.
Howlin, P. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.t01-9-00044 · Cited by 529
Happé, F., & Ronald, A. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8 · Cited by 498
(1994) · Cited by 463
Plaisted, K., Swettenham, J., & Rees, L. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00489 · Cited by 409
Enhanced visual search for a conjunctive target in autism: a research note
Plaisted, K., O'Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963098002613 · Cited by 405
Palmer, A. R. (2000) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.441 · Cited by 385
Sex differences in visuo-spatial processing: An fMRI study of mental rotation
Hugdahl, K., Thomsen, T., & Ersland, L. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.026 · Cited by 368 · cited 1×
“For instance, a more recent fMRI study using Mental Rotation did not find any sex differences on accuracy or reaction times, but rather different analytic strategies (Hugdahl et al. 2006).”
BackgroundEnhanced Perceptual Functioning in the Development of Autism
Burack, J. A., Charman, T., Yirmiya, N., & Zelazo, P. R. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410600196-14 · Cited by 366
(1999) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4945.001.0001 · Cited by 346
Configural processing in autism and its relationship to face processing
Behrmann, M., Avidan, G., Leonard, G. L., Kimchi, R., Luna, B., Humphreys, K., & Minshew, N. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.002 · Cited by 334
Burack, J. A., Charman, T., Yirmiya, N., & Zelazo, P. R. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410600196 · Cited by 323
Pellicano, E., Gibson, L., Maybery, M., Durkin, K., & Badcock, D. R. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.10.003 · Cited by 322
Cognitive mechanisms, specificity and neural underpinnings of visuospatial peaks in autism
Caron, M.-J. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl072 · Cited by 282
Visual perspective taking impairment in children with autistic spectrum disorder
Hamilton, A. F. D. C., Brindley, R., & Uta Frith, A. (2009) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.007 · Cited by 280
South, M., Ozonoff, S., & Mcmahon, W. M. (2007) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361307079606 · Cited by 260
PELLICANO, E., MAYBERY, M., DURKIN, K., & MALEY, A. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060056 · Cited by 253
Williams, D. L., Goldstein, G., & Minshew, N. J. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040600681190 · Cited by 235
Rinehart, N., Bradshaw, J. L., Moss, S. A., Brereton, A. V., & Tonge, B. J. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00664 · Cited by 232
Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination
Koldewyn, K., Jiang, Y. V., Weigelt, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z · Cited by 217
Susceptibility to Illusions and Performance on Visuospatial Tasks in Individuals with Autism
Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00748 · Cited by 205
Perceptual Processing among High-functioning Persons with Autism
Mottron, L., Burack, J. A., Stauder, J. E. A., & Robaey, P. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00433 · Cited by 197
Gestalt perception and local–global processing in high-functioning autism
Bölte, S., Holtmann, M., Poustka, F., Scheurich, A., & Schmidt, L. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0231-x · Cited by 185
Spatial Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Superior, Impaired, or Just Intact?
Edgin, J. O., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0020-y · Cited by 183
Wang, L., Mottron, L., Peng, D., Berthiaume, C., & Dawson, M. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13546800701417096 · Cited by 174
Bölte, S., Duketis, E., Poustka, F., & Holtmann, M. (2011) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361310391116 · Cited by 168
Silk, T. J., Rinehart, N., Bradshaw, J. L., Tonge, B., Egan, G., O’Boyle, M. W., & Cunnington, R. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.8.1440 · Cited by 166
Damarla, S. R., Keller, T. A., Kana, R. K., Cherkassky, V. L., Williams, D. L., Minshew, N. J., & Just, M. A. (2010) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.153 · Cited by 165
Neurophysiological correlates of relatively enhanced local visual search in autistic adolescents
Manjaly, Z. M., Bruning, N., Neufang, S., Stephan, K. E., Brieber, S., Marshall, J. C., Kamp-Becker, I., Remschmidt, H., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., et al. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.036 · Cited by 163
Morgan, B., Maybery, M. T., & Durkin, K. (2003) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.646 · Cited by 160
Do high functioning persons with autism present superior spatial abilities?
Caron, M. L. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.015 · Cited by 159
Weak Central Coherence and Its Relations to Theory of Mind and Anxiety in Autism
Burnette, C. P., Mundy, P. C., Meyer, J. A., Sutton, S. K., Hecke, A. V. V., & Charak, D. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1035-5 · Cited by 137
Visuo-spatial Processing in Autism—Testing the Predictions of Extreme Male Brain Theory
Falter, C. M., Plaisted, K. C., & Davis, G. J. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0419-8 · Cited by 117
Self-citationVisuo‐spatial abilities in autism: A review
Mitchell, P., & Ropar, D. (2004) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.348 · Cited by 116
Enhanced mental image mapping in autism
Soulières, I., Zeffiro, T. A., Girard, M. L., & Mottron, L. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.027 · Cited by 113
Jarrold, C., Gilchrist, I. D., & Bender, A. (2005) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00422.x · Cited by 113
Digit ratio (2D:4D) in Klinefelter's syndrome
Manning, J. T., Kilduff, L. P., & Trivers, R. L. (2012) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00013.x · Cited by 107
Disembedding Performance and Recognition Memory in Autism/PDD
Brian, J. A., & Bryson, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01482.x · Cited by 106
Savants, Segments, Art and Autism
Pring, L., Hermelin, B., & Heavey, L. (1995) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01351.x · Cited by 101
Testosterone: Activation or organization of spatial cognition?
Falter, C. M., Arroyo, M., & Davis, G. J. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.011 · Cited by 101
Self-citationThe level and nature of autistic intelligence III: inspection time
Barbeau, E. B., Soulières, I., Dawson, M., Zeffiro, T. A., & Mottron, L. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029984 · Cited by 97
Lee, P. S., Foss-Feig, J., Henderson, J. G., Kenworthy, L. E., Gilotty, L., Gaillard, W. D., & Vaidya, C. J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.013 · Cited by 89
Sex Differences and Autism: Brain Function during Verbal Fluency and Mental Rotation
Beacher, F. D. C. C., Radulescu, E., Minati, L., Baron‐Cohen, S., Lombardo, M. V., Lai, M., Walker, A., Howard, D., Gray, M. A., Harrison, N. A., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038355 · Cited by 86
Hönekopp, J. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1230 · Cited by 81
Self-citationTaylor, L. J., Maybery, M. T., Grayndler, L., & Whitehouse, A. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1847-2 · Cited by 75
Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task
White, S. J., & Saldaña, D. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4 · Cited by 73
Porter, M. A., & Coltheart, M. (2006) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn3003_1 · Cited by 64
Spencer, M. D., Holt, R., Chura, L. R., Calder, A. J., Suckling, J., Bullmore, E. T., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws229 · Cited by 63
de Jonge, M. V., Kemner, C., & van Engeland, H. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0113-2 · Cited by 62
Brief Report: Eye-Movement Patterns During an Embedded Figures Test in Children with ASD
Keehn, B., Brenner, L. A., Ramos-Nuñez, A. I., Lincoln, A. J., Marshall, S. P., & Müller, R. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0608-0 · Cited by 58
Brief report: Cognitive subclinical markers in autism
Smalley, S. L., & Asarnow, R. F. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02284724 · Cited by 58
Bölte, S., Hubl, D., Dierks, T., Holtmann, M., & Poustka, F. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0850-1 · Cited by 58
Processing of compound visual stimuli by children with autism and Asperger syndrome
Deruelle, C., Rondan, C., Gepner, B., & Fagot, J. (2006) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590500184610 · Cited by 58
Global and configural visual processing in adults with autism and Asperger syndrome
Rondan, C., & Deruelle, C. (2006) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2006.02.007 · Cited by 56
Johnson, S. A., Blaha, L. M., Houpt, J. W., & Townsend, J. T. (2009) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2009.06.006 · Cited by 55
Kaland, N., Mortensen, E. L., & Smith, L. (2007) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361307070988 · Cited by 54
Bernardino, I., Mouga, S., Almeida, J., van Asselen, M., Oliveira, G., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039351 · Cited by 51
A cognitive endophenotype of autism in families with multiple incidence
Nydén, A., Hagberg, B. S., Goussé, V., & Råstam, M. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.010 · Cited by 43
Motor Imagery in Asperger Syndrome: Testing Action Simulation by the Hand Laterality Task
Conson, M., Mazzarella, E., Frolli, A., Esposito, D., Marino, N., Trojano, L., Massagli, A., Gison, G., Aprea, N., & Grossi, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070734 · Cited by 43
Atypical Visuospatial Processing in Autism: Insights from Functional Connectivity Analysis
McGrath, J., Johnson, K. A., Ecker, C., O’Hanlon, E., Gill, M., Gallagher, L., & Garavan, H. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1245 · Cited by 37
Brosnan, M., Gwilliam, L. R., & Walker, I. O. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1505-0 · Cited by 37
van Lang, N. D. J., Bouma, A., Sytema, S., Kraijer, D. W., & Minderaa, R. B. (2005) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.005 · Cited by 36
Fragmented Visuospatial Processing in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Schlooz, W. A. J. M., Hulstijn, W., van den Broek, P. J. A., van der Pijll, A. C. A. M., Gabreëls, F., van der Gaag, R. J., & Rotteveel, J. J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0140-z · Cited by 35
Superior haptic-to-visual shape matching in autism spectrum disorders
Nakano, T., Kato, N., & Kitazawa, S. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.024 · Cited by 33
Local and Global Processing in Savant Artists with Autism
Pring, L., Ryder, N., Crane, L., & Hermelin, B. (2010) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6674 · Cited by 31
Spek, A. A., SCHOLTE, E. M., & van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I. A. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1106-8 · Cited by 29
Katagiri, M., Kasai, T., Kamio, Y., & Murohashi, H. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1578-9 · Cited by 27
Evidence for a Cultural Influence on Field-Independence in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Koh, H. C., & Milne, E. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1232-y · Cited by 26
Functional Evaluation of Hidden Figures Object Analysis in Children with Autistic Disorder
Malisza, K. L., Clancy, C. A., Shiloff, D., Foreman, D., Holden, J. J. A., Jones, C., Paulson, K., Summers, R., Yu, C. T., & Chudley, A. E. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1013-z · Cited by 20
Chen, F., Lemonnier, É., Lazartigues, A., & Planche, P. (2008) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2008.03.003 · Cited by 19
Drake, J. E. (2012) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0030636 · Cited by 19
Planche, P., & Lemonnier, É. (2010) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2010.03.007 · Cited by 14
Ishida, R., Kamio, Y., & Nakamizo, S. (2009) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2009.175 · Cited by 13
Erfasst der FBT lokale visuelle Informationsverarbeitung bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen?
Scheurich, A., Fellgiebel, A., Müller, M. J., Poustka, F., & Bölte, S. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.a000017 · Cited by 8
Partial occlusion depiction and its relationship with field independence in children with ASD
Hodgson, E. S., & McGonigle-Chalmers, M. (2011) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361310363279 · Cited by 5
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Hines, M. (2004). Brain gender. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children—Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
- Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler adult intelligence scales—Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science
Pellicano, E., & den Houting, J. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13534 · Cited by 744
The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder
Thye, M. D., Bednarz, H. M., Herringshaw, A. J., Sartin, E. B., & Kana, R. K. (2018) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.010 · Cited by 513
Is Spatial Ability Related to Mathematical Ability: a Meta-analysis
Fang, X., Zhang, L., Chen, X., & Xin, Z. (2019) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-019-09496-y · Cited by 202
Autism As a Disorder of High Intelligence
Crespi, B. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00300 · Cited by 156
Lehnhardt, F.-G., Falter, C. M., Gawronski, A., Pfeiffer, K., Tepest, R., Franklin, J., & Vogeley, K. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 · Cited by 153
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Muth, A., Hönekopp, J., & Falter, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Northumbria University (GB)
- University Hospital Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Muth, Anne
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2014-07-15
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3245-3263
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2082445603
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 16
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, visuospatial ability, block designs, mental rotation, Navon task, weak central coherence, extreme male brain theory
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Humans, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review