Cited by 70Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

Regulation of the neurodegenerative process associated to Parkinson's disease by CD4+ T-cells

González, Hugo, Contreras, Francisco, Pacheco, Rodrigo·2015·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Abstract

Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental process involved in the physiopathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglial cells play a central role in the outcome of neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Current evidence indicates that CD4+ T-cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) in PD, where they play a critical role determining the functional phenotype of microglia, thus regulating the progression of the neurodegenerative process. Here, we first analysed the pathogenic role of inflammatory phenotypes and the beneficial role of anti-inflammatory phenotypes of encephalitogenic CD4+ T-cells involved in the physiopathology of PD. Next, we discussed how alterations of neurotransmitter levels observed in the basal ganglia throughout the time course of PD progression could be strongly affecting the behaviour of encephalitogenic CD4+ T-cells and thereby the outcome of the neuroinflammatory process and the consequent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Afterward, we integrated the evidence indicating the involvement of an antigen-specific immune response mediated by T-cells and B-cells against CNS-derived self-constituents in PD. Consistent with the involvement of a relevant autoimmune component in PD, we also reviewed the polymorphisms of both, class I and class II major histocompatibility complexes, associated to the risk of PD. Overall, this study gives an overview of how an autoimmune component involved in PD plays a fundamental role in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s11481-015-9618-9

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Authors
González, H., Contreras, F., & Pacheco, R.
Affiliations
  • Fundación Ciencia and Vida (CL)
  • Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
Corresponding author
Pacheco, Rodrigo
Venue
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Published
2015-05-28
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
561-575
ISSN
  • 1557-1890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1904
OpenAlex
W373459504
Cited by
70
References
142
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
FWCI
0.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
  • Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, CD4+ T cells, neuroinflammation, microglia, substantia nigra, encephalitogenic T cells, neurotransmitter alterations, basal ganglia, autoimmunity, MHC class I, MHC class II, genetic polymorphism
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Synaptic Transmission, Parkinson Disease, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity

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