Financial Incentives for Extended Weight Loss: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Previous efforts to use incentives for weight loss have resulted in substantial weight regain after 16 weeks.Objective To evaluate a longer term weight loss intervention using financial incentives.Design A 32-week, three-arm randomized controlled trial of financial incentives for weight loss consisting of a 24-week weight loss phase during which all participants were given a weight loss goal of 1 pound per week, followed by an 8-week maintenance phase.Participants Veterans who were patients at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center with BMIs of 30-40.Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to participate in either a weight-monitoring program involving a consultation with a dietician and monthly weigh-ins (control condition), or the same program with one of two financial incentive plans. Both incentive arms used deposit contracts (DC) in which participants put their own money at risk (matched 1:1), which they lost if they failed to lose weight. In one incentive arm participants were told that the period after 24 weeks was for weight-loss maintenance; in the other, no such distinction was made.Main measure Weight loss after 32 weeks.Key results Results were analyzed using intention-to-treat. There was no difference in weight loss between the incentive arms (P = 0.80). Incentive participants lost more weight than control participants [mean DC = 8.70 pounds, mean control = 1.17, P = 0.04, 95% CI of the difference in means (0.56, 14.50)]. Follow-up data 36 weeks after the 32-week intervention had ended indicated weight regain; the net weight loss between the incentive and control groups was no longer significant (mean DC = 1.2 pounds, 95% CI, -2.58-5.00; mean control = 0.27, 95% CI, -3.77-4.30, P = 0.76).Conclusions Financial incentives produced significant weight loss over an 8-month intervention; however, participants regained weight post-intervention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several studies have documented the benefits of financial incentives to change relatively intractable health-compromising behaviours.
“As such, several studies have documented the benefits of financial incentives to change relatively intractable health-compromising behaviours (Cahill & Perera, 2011; Halpern et al., 2011; John et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012; Kimmel et al., 2012; Kullgren et al., 2013; Volpp et al., 2008).”
From Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? (2014) · cites this paper as John et al., 2011
Financial incentives may act as a universal, simple, adaptable, alternative reinforcer.
“Since many health-compromising behaviours have benefits that may vary across individuals, financial incentives may act as a universal, simple, adaptable, alternative reinforcer (Halpern et al., 2011; John et al., 2011, 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Kimmel et al., 2012; Kullgren et al., 2013; Loewenstein et al., 2013; Shea et al., 2012; Volpp et al., 2008, 2011).”
From Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? (2014) · cites this paper as John et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment
Ariely, D., & Wertenbroch, K. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00441 · Cited by 1,266 · see citing works
RetractedProspect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524 · see citing works
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,700 · see citing works
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720 · see citing works
Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937956 · Cited by 6,432 · see citing works
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382 · see citing works
Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization
Strotz, R. H. (1973) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15492-0_10 · Cited by 2,803 · see citing works
Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control.
Ainslie, G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076860 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation
Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (1992) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2118482 · Cited by 2,305 · see citing works
Self-citationWeinstein, N. D. (1987) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846146 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Long-term maintenance of weight loss: Current status.
Jeffery, R. W., Epstein, L. H., Wilson, G. T., Drewnowski, A., Stunkard, A. J., & Wing, R. R. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.suppl1.5 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Financial Incentive–Based Approaches for Weight Loss: A Randomized Trial
Volpp, K. G., John, L. K., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J., & Loewenstein, G. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.804 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Self-citationProspect Theory. An Analysis of Decision Making Under Risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1977) · doi:10.21236/ada045771 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
The Look AHEAD Research Group (2003) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(03)00064-3 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Bidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards.
Kirby, K. N. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.126.1.54 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Asymmetric Paternalism to Improve Health Behaviors
Loewenstein, G., Brennan, T., & Volpp, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.20.2415 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceived driving safety and seatbelt usage
Svenson, O., Fischhoff, B., & MacGregor, D. G. (1985) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90015-6 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Frequency, Probability, and Prediction: Easy Solutions to Cognitive Illusions?
Griffin, D. W., & Buehler, R. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0707 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Effects on weight reduction of strong monetary contracts for calorie restriction or weight loss
Jeffery, R. W., Thompson, P. D., & Wing, R. R. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90005-0 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Weight Loss With Self-help Compared With a Structured Commercial Program: A Randomized Trial
Heshka, S., Anderson, J. W., Atkinson, R. L., Greenway, F. L., Hill, J. O., Phinney, S. D., Kolotkin, R. L., Miller-Kovach, K., & Pi-Sunyer, F. X. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1792 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Thaler RH. Some empirical evidence on time inconsistency. Rev Econ Stud. 1981;23:165-80.
- Locke EA, Latham GP. A theory of goal setting and task performance Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice Hall; 1990.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Allcott, H., & Rogers, T. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.10.3003 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair
Bickel, W. K., Johnson, M. W., Koffarnus, M. N., MacKillop, J., & Murphy, J. G. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control
Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N., Mata, J., Palmeira, A. L., & Markland, D. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-22 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., & Sydnor, J. (2012) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20130327 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C., Korris, J., & Kassam, K. (2015) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732215600886 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Why behavior change is difficult to sustain
Bouton, M. E. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.010 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
An economy of scales: A selective review of obesity's economic causes, consequences, and solutions
Cawley, J. (2015) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.001 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
An, R. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012004715 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Mantzari, E., Vogt, F., Shemilt, I., Wei, Y., Higgins, J. P. T., & Marteau, T. M. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.001 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. A., & Song, L. (2022) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20210867 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Loewenstein, G. F., & Chater, N. (2017) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2016.7 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual- Versus Group-Based Financial Incentives for Weight Loss
Kullgren, J. T., Troxel, A. B., Loewenstein, G. F., Asch, D. A., Norton, L. A., Wesby, L., Tao, Y., Zhu, J., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00002 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationCultivating Engagement and Enjoyment in Exergames Using Feedback, Challenge, and Rewards
Lyons, E. (2014) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2014.0072 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Habit formation in children: Evidence from incentives for healthy eating
Loewenstein, G. F., Price, J., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2015) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.11.004 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationBacigalupo, R., Cudd, P., Littlewood, C., Bissell, P., Hawley, M., & Woods, H. B. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12006 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Wellness Incentives In The Workplace: Cost Savings Through Cost Shifting To Unhealthy Workers
Horwitz, J. R., Kelly, B. D., & DiNardo, J. (2013) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0683 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Haff, N., Patel, M. S., Lim, R. K. S., Zhu, J., Troxel, A. B., Asch, D. A., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2015) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.140714-lit-333 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationDo People Anticipate Loss Aversion?
Imas, A., Sadoff, S., & Samek, A. S. (2016) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2402 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Schwartz, J., Mochon, D., Wyper, L., Maroba, J., Patel, D. N., & Ariely, D. (2014) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613510950 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
LETTING DOWN THE TEAM? SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TEAM INCENTIVES
Babcock, P., Bedard, K., Charness, G. B., Hartman, J., & Royer, H. (2015) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/jeea.12131 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Volpp, K. G. M., Troxel, A. B., Mehta, S. J., Norton, L. A., Zhu, J., Lim, R., Wang, W., Marcus, N., Terwiesch, C., Caldarella, K. L., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2449 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationEl-Sadr, W. M., Donnell, D., Beauchamp, G., Hall, H. I., Torian, L. V., Zingman, B., Lum, G., Kharfen, M., Elion, R., Leider, J., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2158 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A case study of a workplace wellness program that offers financial incentives for weight loss
Cawley, J., & Price, J. A. (2013) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.04.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
It’s about time: Earlier rewards increase intrinsic motivation.
Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000116 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Þorgeirsson, T., & Kawachi, I. I. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.008 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19
Soofi, M., Najafi, F., & Matin, B. K. (2020) · Applied Health Economics and Health Policy · doi:10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Financial Incentives for Home-Based Health Monitoring: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sen, A. P., Sewell, T. B., Riley, E. B., Stearman, B., Bellamy, S. L., Hu, M. F., Tao, Y., Zhu, J., Park, J. D., Loewenstein, G. F., et al. (2014) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2778-0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSome current dimensions of the behavioral economics of health-related behavior change
Bickel, W. K., Moody, L. N., & Higgins, S. T. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.002 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The Dozen Things Experimental Economists Should Do (More of)
Czibor, E., Jimenez‐Gomez, D., & List, J. A. (2019) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/soej.12392 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Leahey, T. M., Subak, L. L., Fava, J. L., Schembri, M. E., Thomas, G. J., Xu, X., Krupel, K. L., Kent, K., Boguszewski, K. E., Kumar, R., et al. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20937 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Managing temptation in obesity treatment: A neurobehavioral model of intervention strategies
Appelhans, B. M., French, S. A., Pagoto, S., & Sherwood, N. E. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.035 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
When nudges aren’t enough: Norms, incentives and habit formation in public transport usage
Gravert, C. A., & Collentine, L. O. (2021) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2021.07.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Schaner, S. G. (2018) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20170453 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease?
Grandner, M. A. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911148 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…ts that may vary across individuals, fi nancial incentives may act as a universal, simple, adaptable, alternative reinforcer (Halpern et al., 2011; John et al., 2011, 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Kimmel et al., 2012; Kullgren et al., 2013; Loewenstein et al., 2013; Shea et al., 2012; Volpp et al.,…”
BackgroundExerting Self‐Control ≠ Sacrificing Pleasure
Vosgerau, J., Scopelliti, I., & Huh, Y. E. (2019) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1142 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Commitment contracts as a way to health
Halpern, S., Asch, D., & Volpp, K. (2012) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.e522 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationWilfley, D. E., Hayes, J. F., Balantekin, K. N., Buren, D. J. V., & Epstein, L. H. (2018) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000293 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effect of Different Financial Incentive Structures on Promoting Physical Activity Among Adults
Bachireddy, C., Joung, A., John, L. K., Gino, F., Tuckfield, B., Foschini, L., & Milkman, K. L. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9863 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationA Systematic Review of Financial Incentives for Dietary Behavior Change
Purnell, J. Q., Gernes, R., Stein, R., Sherraden, M. S., & Knoblock-Hahn, A. L. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.03.011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Shin, D. W., Yun, J. M., Shin, J., Kwon, H., Min, H. Y., Joh, H., Chung, W. J., Park, J. H., Jung, K., & Cho, B. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21731 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Carrera, M., Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., & Sydnor, J. (2018) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.02.010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Burns, R. J., Donovan, A. S., Ackermann, R. T., Finch, E. A., Rothman, A. J., & Jeffery, R. W. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9403-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Pack, Q. R., Johnson, L. L., Barr, L., Daniels, S. R., Wolter, A. D., Squires, R. W., Pérez-Terzic, C. M., & Thomas, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e31828db386 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Premium-Based Financial Incentives Did Not Promote Workplace Weight Loss In A 2013–15 Study
Patel, M. S., Asch, D. A., Troxel, A. B., Fletcher, M., Osman-Koss, R., Brady, J. L., Wesby, L., Hilbert, V., Zhu, J., Wang, W., et al. (2016) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0945 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy Prosocial Referral Incentives Work: The Interplay of Reputational Benefits and Action Costs
Gershon, R., Cryder, C., & John, L. K. (2020) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/0022243719888440 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationFinancial Motivation Undermines Maintenance in an Intensive Diet and Activity Intervention
Moller, A. C., McFadden, H. G., Hedeker, D., & Spring, B. (2012) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/740519 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Incentives Increase Relative Positivity of Review Content and Enjoyment of Review Writing
Woolley, K., & Sharif, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437211010439 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Obesity and Self-control: Food Consumption, Physical Activity, and Weight-loss Intention
Fan, M.-Y., & Jin, Y.-H. (2014) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppt034 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ananthapavan, J., Peterson, A., & Sacks, G. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12657 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Behavioral Experiments in Health Economics
Galizzi, M. M., & Wiesen, D. (2018) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.244 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Structure of Health Incentives: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Carrera, M., Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., & Sydnor, J. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23188 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Leonard, T., Shuval, K., de Oliveira, A., Skinner, C. S., Eckel, C. C., & Murdoch, J. C. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.110624-quan-264 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
What Is Really Behavioral in Behavioral Health Policy? And Does It Work?
Galizzi, M. M. (2014) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppt036 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The utility of monetary contingency contracts for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sykes‐Muskett, B., Prestwich, A., Lawton, R., & Armitage, C. J. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1030685 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Adherent Use of Digital Health Trackers Is Associated with Weight Loss
Pourzanjani, A., Quisel, T., & Foschini, L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152504 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mehta, S. J., Feingold, J. H., Vandertuyn, M., Niewood, T., Cox, C. J., Doubeni, C. A., Volpp, K. G. M., & Asch, D. A. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.015 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationDombrowski, S. U., McDonald, M., Pol, M. M. V. D., Grindle, M., Avenell, A., Carroll, P., Calveley, E., Elders, A., Glennie, N., Gray, C. M., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032653 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Empirical observations on longer-term use of incentives for weight loss
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G. F., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.01.022 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationFinancial Incentives for Completion of Fecal Occult Blood Tests Among Veterans
Kullgren, J. T., Dicks, T. N., Fu, X., Richardson, D., Tzanis, G. L., Tobi, M., & Marcus, S. C. (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m13-3015 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
How to motivate yourself and others? Intended and unintended consequences
Schroeder, J., & Fishbach, A. (2015) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2015.09.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bommaraju, R., & Hohenberg, S. (2018) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.17.0002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Finkelstein, E. A., Bilger, M., & Baid, D. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.018 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Commitment Contracts and Team Incentives
White, J. S., Dow, W. H., & Rungruanghiranya, S. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.020 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The intergenerational transmission of obesity: The role of time preferences and self-control
Stokłosa, M., Shuval, K., Drope, J. M., Tchernis, R., Pachucki, M. C., Yaroch, A. L., & Harding, M. (2017) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2017.12.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
LaRose, J. G., Guthrie, K. M., Lanoye, A. M., Tate, D. F., Robichaud, E., Caccavale, L. J., & Wing, R. R. (2016) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.71 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Using Vividness Interventions to Improve Financial Decision Making
Ersner-Hershfield, H., John, E. M., & Reiff, J. S. (2018) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732218787536 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gain-Loss Incentives and Physical Activity: The Role of Choice and Wearable Health Tools
Adjerid, I., Loewenstein, G. F., Purta, R., & Striegel, A. (2021) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence in Patients With Lower Socioeconomic Status
Gaalema, D. E., Khadanga, S., Savage, P. D., Yant, B., Katz, B. R., DeSarno, M., & Ades, P. A. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.3338 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The use of financial incentives to prevent unhealthy behaviors: A review
de Walque, D. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113236 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Meredith, S. E., Jarvis, B. P., Raiff, B. R., Rojewski, A. M., Cassidy, R. N., Erb, P., Sy, J. R., Dallery, J., & Kurti, A. N. (2014) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s59792 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Framework for selecting occupancy-focused energy interventions in buildings
Karatas, A., Stoiko, A., & Menassa, C. C. (2016) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613218.2016.1182330 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mogler, B. K., Shu, S. B., Fox, C. R., Goldstein, N. J., Victor, R. G., Escarce, J. J., & Shapiro, M. F. (2012) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2261-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Beyond the Here and Now
Rogers, T., & Frey, E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch25 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Structure of Health Incentives: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Carrera, M., Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., & Sydnor, J. (2019) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2018.3271 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
What is a habit? Diverse mechanisms that can produce sustained behavior change
Volpp, K. G. M., & Loewenstein, G. F. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.10.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationGamma, K., Mai, R., Cometta, C., & Loock, M. (2021) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.101927 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Who responds to financial incentives for weight loss? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Paloyo, A. R., Reichert, A. R., Reuss-Borst, M. A., & Tauchmann, H. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.034 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Schaner, S. G. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22534 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chance, Z., Gorlin, M., & Dhar, R. (2014) · Customer Needs and Solutions · doi:10.1007/s40547-014-0025-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rosenbaum, D. L., Piers, A. D., Schumacher, L. M., Kase, C. A., & Butryn, M. L. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12545 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Prevention of Urinary Stones With Hydration (PUSH): Design and Rationale of a Clinical Trial
Scales, C. D., Desai, A. C., Harper, J. D., Lai, H. H., Maalouf, N. M., Reese, P. P., Tasian, G. E., Al‐Khalidi, H. R., Kırkalı, Z., Wessells, H., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness of a primary care intervention to treat obesity
Tsai, A. G., Wadden, T. A., Volger, S., Sarwer, D. B., Vetter, M., Kumanyika, S., Berkowitz, R. I., Diewald, L. K., Perez, J., Lavenberg, J., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.94 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gain Without Pain: The Extended Effects of a Behavioral Health Intervention
Daniel Mochon, B., Schwartz, J. A., Maroba, J., Patel, D. N., & Ariely, D. (2016) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2322 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Hot–Cold Decision Triangle: A framework for healthier choices
Yang, H., Carmon, Z., Kahn, B. E., Malani, A., Schwartz, J. A., Volpp, K. G. M., & Wansink, B. C. (2012) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-012-9179-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationTambor, M., Pavlova, M., Golinowska, S., Arsenijevic, J., & Groot, W. N. J. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1517-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Finkelstein, E. A., Tham, K. W., Haaland, B. A., & Sahasranaman, A. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.030 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Carrera, M., Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., Sydnor, J., & Taubinsky, D. (2018) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.09.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Paloyo, A. R., Reichert, A. R., Reinermann, H., & Tauchmann, H. (2013) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Commitment Lotteries Promote Physical Activity Among Overweight Adults—A Cluster Randomized Trial
van der Swaluw, K., Lambooij, M., Mathijssen, J., Schipper, M., Zeelenberg, M., Berkhout, S., Polder, J., & Prast, H. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kax017 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Letting Down the Team? Evidence of Social Effects of Team Incentives
Babcock, P., Bedard, K., Charness, G. B., Hartman, J., & Royer, H. (2011) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w16687 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kullgren, J. T., Hafez, D., Fedewa, A., & Heisler, M. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0894-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Contemporary Behavioral Perspective on Extinction
Vurbic, D., & Bouton, M. E. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468135.ch3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kullgren, J. T., Troxel, A. B., Loewenstein, G. F., Norton, L. A., Gatto, D., Tao, Y., Zhu, J., Schofield, H. K., Shea, J. A., Asch, D. A., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117116658210 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationDESAI, J. R., Vazquez‐Benitez, G., Taylor, G., Johnson, S., Anderson, J., Garrett, J. E., Gilmer, T., Vue‐Her, H., Rinn, S., Engel, K., et al. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09683-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Feasibility study of portable technology for weight loss and HbA1c control in type 2 diabetes
Bentley, C. L., Otesile, O., Bacigalupo, R., Elliott, D., Noble, H., Hawley, M., Williams, E. A., & Cudd, P. (2016) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0331-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Alshurafa, N. I., Jain, J., Alharbi, R., Iakovlev, G., Spring, B. J., & Pfammatter, A. F. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3287031 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Li, R., Zhang, Y., Cai, X., Luo, D., Zhou, W., Long, T., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., & Li, M. (2021) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.10.010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Plotnikoff, R. C., Collins, C. E., Williams, R. L., Germov, J., & Callister, R. (2014) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.130619-lit-313 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Raiff, B., Barrry, V. B., Ridenour, T., & Jitnarin, N. (2016) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-016-0397-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cash incentives versus defaults for HIV testing: A randomized clinical trial
Montoy, J. C. C., Dow, W. H., & Kaplan, B. C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199833 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J. E., & Volpp, K. G.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- John, Leslie K.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2011-01-20
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 621-626
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC3101962
- OpenAlex
- W2112703815
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 36.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag012836-30)
- Economic Research Service
- National Institute on Aging (P30-AG-012836)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- financial incentives, weight loss, weight regain, deposit contracts, obesity, veterans, weight loss maintenance, behavioral interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Obesity, Reward, Time Factors, Weight Loss
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
