Thiazolidinediones: the forgotten diabetes medications
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of Review: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the only pharmacologic agents that specifically treat insulin resistance. The beneficial effects of TZDs on the cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance have been well documented. TZD use has been limited because of concern about safety issues and side effects. Recent Findings: Recent studies indicate that cardiovascular toxicity with rosiglitazone and increase in bladder cancer with pioglitazone are no longer significant issues. There are new data which show that pioglitazone treatment reduces myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. New data concerning TZD-mediated edema, congestive heart failure, and bone fractures improves the clinician’s ability to select patients that will have minimal significant side effects. Summary: Thiazolidinediones are now generic and less costly than pharmaceutical company–promoted therapies. Better understanding of the side effects coupled with clear benefits on the components of the insulin resistance syndrome should promote TZD use in treating patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Pioglitazone lowers myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes, according to recent findings.
“For instance, pioglitazone lowers myocardial infarctions (MI) and ischemic strokes, according to recent findings.”
From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [67]
In the Pioglitazone section (page unavailable), the review reports fewer combined stroke-or-myocardial-infarction events in the IRIS trial and fewer recurrent strokes in a meta-analysis. Those body passages do not establish separate reductions in myocardial infarctions and specifically ischemic strokes, as the citing sentence states. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere are no pharmacologic treatments that particularly treat insulin resistance other than thiazolidinediones.
“There are no pharmacologic treatments that particularly treat insulin resistance other than TZDs.”
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- Authors
- Lebovitz, H. E.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lebovitz, Harold E.
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2019-11-27
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 151-151
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- PMC
- PMC6881429
- OpenAlex
- W2990309084
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 5.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- thiazolidinediones, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, bladder cancer, congestive heart failure, edema, bone fractures, drug safety, generic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Thiazolidinediones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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