The neural basis of sustained and transient attentional control in young adults with ADHD
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Differences in neural activation during performance on an attentionally demanding Stroop task were examined between 23 young adults with ADHD carefully selected to not be co-morbid for other psychiatric disorders and 23 matched controls. A hybrid blocked/single-trial design allowed for examination of more sustained vs. more transient aspects of attentional control. Our results indicated neural dysregulation across a wide range of brain regions including those involved in overall arousal, top-down attentional control, response selection, and inhibition. Furthermore, this dysregulation was most notable in lateral regions of DLPFC for sustained attentional control and in medial areas for transient aspects of attentional control. Because of the careful selection and matching of our two groups, these results provide strong evidence that the neural systems of attentional control are dysregulated in young adults with ADHD and are similar to dysregulations seen in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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A prior dataset from the authors' laboratory showed significant effects of ADHD on activation of attentional-control regions.
“We used a data set from our laboratory (see reference 19 for details) that demonstrated significant effects of ADHD on activation of attentional-control regions.”
From Attentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
Relative to controls, the ADHD group showed reduced DLPFC activation during incongruent, congruent, and neutral Stroop conditions.
“Of note, relative to controls, the ADHD group showed significant yet reduced DLPFC activation during three Stroop conditions (incongruent, congruent, neutral), suggesting that individuals with ADHD have reduced maintenance of the attentional set to the task-relevant ink color.”
From Attentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
The ADHD group showed increased activation in linguistic regions such as the left temporal gyrus relative to controls.
“Furthermore, the ADHD group showed increased activation in linguistic regions such as the left temporal gyrus relative to controls, which suggests increased processing of the task-irrelevant word dimension.”
From Attentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
Activation of dACC during response conflict is typically reduced in individuals with ADHD.
“However, activation of dACC during response conflict is typically reduced in individuals with ADHD (19, 36).”
From Attentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
The control group had significantly greater posterior DLPFC activity than the ADHD group in congruent and neutral blocks only.
“Although each group activated posterior DLPFC during all blocked conditions (19), activity was significantly greater for the control group than the ADHD group in the C and N blocks only (Table 3).”
From Attentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [19]
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MethodResultAttentional Control Activation Relates to Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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- Authors
- Banich, M. T., Burgess, G. C., Depue, B. E., Ruzic, L., Bidwell, L. C., Hitt-Laustsen, S., Du, Y. P., & Willcutt, E. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Banich, Marie T.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3095-3104
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3703501
- OpenAlex
- W2116763473
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH070037)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sustained attention, transient attention, attentional control, Stroop task, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, response inhibition, response selection, arousal, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Contrast Sensitivity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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