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Cited by 398Body Composition Measurement TechniquesObesity, Physical Activity, DietObesity and Health Practices

Strengths and Limitations of BMI in the Diagnosis of Obesity: What is the Path Forward?

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Sweatt, Katherine, Garvey, W. Timothy, Martins, Catia·2024·Current Obesity Reports
DOI 10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1PMC PMC11306271
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Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review aims to discuss strengths and limitations of body mass index (BMI) in diagnosing obesity, the use of alternative anthropometric measurements, and potential new technology that may change the future of obesity diagnosis and management. Recent Findings: The diagnosis of obesity requires the anthropometric assessment of adiposity. In clinical settings, this should include BMI with confirmation that elevated BMI represents excess adiposity and a measure of fat distribution (i.e., waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), or WC divided by height 0.5 (WHR.5R). Digital anthropometry and bioelectric impedance (BIA) can estimate fat distribution and be feasibly employed in the clinic. In addition, the diagnosis should include a clinical component assessing the presence and severity of weight-related complications. Summary: As anthropometric measures used in the diagnosis of obesity, BMI is generally sufficient if confirmed to represent excess adiposity, and there are advantages to the use of WHtR over WC to assess fat distribution. BIA and digital anthropometry have the potential to provide accurate measures of fat mass and distribution in clinical settings. There should also be a clinical evaluation for the presence and severity of obesity complications that can be used to stage the disease.

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Sweatt, K., Garvey, W. T., & Martins, C.
Affiliations
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
ORCID
Garvey, W. Timothy
Venue
Current Obesity Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-07-03
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
584-595
ISSN
2162-4968 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1
PMC
PMC11306271
OpenAlex
W4400294332
Cited by
398
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 209 · 2025: 173 · 2024: 16
FWCI
22.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2024-08-13)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Obesity Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Obesity Training Program (T32 DK T32HL105349)
  • UAB Diabetes Research Center (P30 DK079626)
  • Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK56336)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords
body mass index, obesity diagnosis, anthropometry, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, digital anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, body fat distribution, excess adiposity, obesity staging
MeSH terms
Anthropometry, Humans, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance, Adiposity, Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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