Cited by 166Genetics and Physical PerformanceEpigenetics and DNA MethylationMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Physical exercise and epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle

Widmann, Manuel, Nieß, Andreas M., Munz, Barbara·2019·Sports Medicine

Abstract

Physical activity and sports play major roles in the overall health status of humans. It is well known that regular exercise helps to lower the risk for a broad variety of health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Being physically active induces a wide variety of molecular adaptations, for example fiber type switches or other metabolic alterations, in skeletal muscle tissue. These adaptations are based on exercise-induced changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Understanding their nature is crucial to improve the development of exercise-based therapeutic strategies. Recent research indicates that specifically epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., pathways that induce changes in gene expression patterns without altering the DNA base sequence, might play a major role in controlling skeletal muscle transcriptional patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA and histone modifications, as well as expression of specific microRNAs. They can be modulated by environmental factors or external stimuli, such as exercise, and eventually induce specific and fine-tuned changes to the transcriptional response. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on epigenetic changes induced in exercising skeletal muscle, their target genes, and resulting phenotypic changes. In addition, we raise the question of whether epigenetic modifications might serve as markers for the design and management of optimized and individualized training protocols, as prognostic tools to predict training adaptation, or even as targets for the design of "exercise mimics".

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Crossref · 10.1007/s40279-019-01070-4

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Authors
Widmann, M., Nieß, A. M., & Munz, B.
Affiliations
University of Tübingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Munz, Barbara
Venue
Sports Medicine
Published
2019-02-19
Volume
49
Issue
4
Pages
509-523
ISSN
  • 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
  • 1179-2035
OpenAlex
W2917335963
Cited by
165
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Minigraduiertenkolleg iReAct
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
physical activity, epigenetic modifications, skeletal muscle, exercise-induced gene expression, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, muscle fiber type shift, exercise adaptation, exercise mimetics, training protocols, exercise biomarkers
MeSH terms
Endurance Training, Adaptation, Physiological, Age Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Histones, Humans, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, Resistance Training, Transcriptome

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