One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia
Abstract
Thirty patients with blood phobia, fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for simple phobia, were assessed with behavioral, physiological and self-report measures. They were randomly assigned to 3 different conditions: (1) 5 sessions of applied tension; (2) 1 session of applied tension (maximum 2 h); and (3) I session of tension-only (maximum 2 h). The results showed that the patients in the 3 treatments were all significantly improved at post-treatment and the effects were maintained at the 1 yr follow-up. At post-treatment and follow-up the proportions of clinically improved patients were: AT5 50 and 60%, AT1 0 and 70%, and T1 30 and 60%, respectively. The conclusion that can be drawn is that I-session therapist-directed applied tension or tension-only is the treatment of choice for blood phobia, but completed with a maintenance program of self-exposure.
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Current evidence concerning the optimal number of therapy sessions is heterogeneous and does not allow for peremptory conclusions.
“However, current evidence concerning the optimal number of therapy sessions is heterogeneous and does not allow for peremptory conclusions (23, 79).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [79]
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“Hellstrom et al. (1996) indicate that one session of therapist-directed applied tension is sufficient for most adult clients but there needs to be a maintenance programme of self-exposure.”
BackgroundMethodBehavioral and Cognitive‐Behavioral Psychotherapy
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“It is probable that, unlike the adult trials that suggest that exposures are not an essential part of the initial treatment (Hellstrom et al., 1996; Öst et al., 1991), practice with exposures concurrent with learning the tension component may be particularly important for children and adolescents who likely need more…”
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“- 69 exposure.(9) The common physical maneuvers used include crossing the legs and tensing the muscles.”
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- Authors
- Hellström, K., Fellenius, J., & öst, L.-G.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- ORCID
- öst, Lars-Göran
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-112
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066873119
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- blood phobia, applied tension, specific phobia, phobia treatment, number of treatment sessions, self-exposure, maintenance strategy, treatment outcomes, follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Behavior Therapy, Blood, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Syncope, Treatment Outcome
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