Extrahypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin in the human brain; presence of vasopressin cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Open accessAbstract
In the present study, the distribution of extrahypothalamic vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OXT) in the human brain was investigated by means of immunocytochemistry. In the septum verum, few VP fibers were found in the nucleus septalis lateralis and medialis (NSL and NSM), and in the bed nucleus of the anterior commissure. Very few VP and OXT fibers were present in the amygdala and in the hippocampus, mainly around the rostral tip of the lateral ventricle on the level of the pes hippocampi. The locus coeruleus (LC) contained dense networks of VP fibers and, although to a lesser extent, OXT fibers over its entire rostrocaudal extension. VP-immunoreactive neurons were present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in a number of subjects, while no OXT cells were found in this structure. Thus, the VP innervation of limbic structures in the human brain, in particular of the NSL, was found to be clearly less pronounced than in the rat brain. The VP innervation of the LC, by contrast, was denser in the human brain than in the rat brain. No sex differences were found in the VP innervation of the human brain. These findings stress the need for caution in extrapolation of data concerning peptidergic innervation of the rat brain towards the human brain.
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AVP-ir neurons are found in the BNST in Callithrix, Macaca, and Homo.
“AVP-ir neurons are found in the BNST in these genera (Caffé et al., 1989; Fliers et al., 1986; Ishunina and Swaab, 1999; Wang et al., 1997a).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Fliers et al., 1986
No sex differences were found in OT-ir or AVP-ir of Macaca or Homo in studies that included both males and females and analyzed sex.
“Of the studies that included both males and females and included an analysis of sex, no sex differences were found in OT-ir or AVP-ir of Macaca or Homo (Caffé et al., 1989; Fliers et al., 1986).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Fliers et al., 1986
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- Authors
- Fliers, E., Guldenaar, S. E. F., Wal, N. V. D., & Swaab, D. F.
- Corresponding author
- Fliers, E.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986-06
- Volume
- 375
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 363-367
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078396742
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.knaw.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- vasopressin, oxytocin, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, locus coeruleus, amygdala, hippocampus, limbic system, human brain, human-rat comparison, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Brain, Female, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Limbic System, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Melanins, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Vasopressins, Rats
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