Cited by 346Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorSexual Differentiation and DisordersGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Sexual differentiation of central vasopressin and vasotocin systems in vertebrates: different mechanisms, similar endpoints

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De Vries, G.J., Panzica, G.C.·2006·Neuroscience

Abstract

Vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala and vasotocin neurons in homologous areas in non-mammalian vertebrates show some of the most consistently found neural sex differences, with males having more cells and denser projections than females. These projections have been implicated in social and reproductive behaviors but also in autonomic functions. The sex differences in these projections may cause as well as prevent sex differences in these functions. This paper discusses the anatomy, steroid dependency, and sexual differentiation of these neurons. Although the final steps in sexual differentiation of vasopressin/vasotocin expression may be similar across vertebrate species, what triggers differentiation may vary dramatically. For example, during development, estrogen masculinizes vasopressin expression in rats but feminizes its counterpart in Japanese quail. Apparently, nature consistently finds a way of maintaining sex differences in vasopressin and vasotocin pathways, suggesting that the function of these differences is important enough that it was conserved during evolution.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.050

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  • AVP and OXT systems in the brain are sexually dimorphic.

    “Furthermore, AVP and OXT systems in the brain are sexually dimorphic (De Vries and Panzica, 2006; Dumais et al., 2013a).”
  • The density of vasopressinergic inputs to the LS is substantially higher in males, as there are significantly more vasopressin-expressing neurons in the male MeA.

    “The density of these inputs is substantially higher in males, as there are significantly more vasopressin-expressing neurons in the male MeA (De Vries et al., 1984; De Vries & Panzica, 2006).”

    From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as De Vries & Panzica, 2006

  • Sex differences in the vasopressin system have their origins in development and are androgen-dependent.

    “Sex differences in the vasopressin system also have their origins in development and are androgen-dependent (De Vries & Panzica, 2006; Dumais & Veenema, 2016).”

    From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as De Vries & Panzica, 2006

  • AVP cells within the BNST are sensitive to sex steroids and exhibit the most consistent sexual dimorphism found across vertebrates, with more cells in males than in females.

    “Furthermore, AVP cells within this nucleus are sensitive to sex steroids and exhibit the most consistent sexual dimorphism found across vertebrates, with more cells in males than in females (De Vries and Panzica, 2006).”

    From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as De Vries and Panzica, 2006

  • The sex difference in AVP projections is found in many mammalian species and already exists in juveniles.

    “This sex difference is found in many mammalian species (De Vries & Panzica, 2006) and already exists in juveniles (De Vries et al., 1981).”

    From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin (2013) · cites this paper as De Vries & Panzica, 2006

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Authors
De Vries, G. J., & Panzica, G. C.
Affiliations
University of Turin (IT)
Venue
Neuroscience
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-03
Volume
138
Issue
3
Pages
947-955
ISSN
0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1989699697
Cited by
346
References
129
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
FWCI
20.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K02-MH01497, R01MH47538, K02 MH001497, R01-MH047538)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Keywords
vasopressin, arginine vasotocin, sexual differentiation, sex differences, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, steroid hormones, estrogen, masculinization, feminization, social behavior, reproductive behavior, autonomic function, non-mammalian vertebrates
MeSH terms
Androgens, Animals, Brain, Coturnix, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Differentiation, Vasopressins, Vasotocin, Vertebrates, Rats

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