CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 425Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsMartial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and EducationStress Responses and Cortisol

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress

Jin, Putai·1992·Journal of Psychosomatic Research
DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(92)90072-a
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Tai Chi, a moving meditation, is examined for its efficacy in post-stressor recovery. Forty-eight male and 48 female Tai Chi practitioners were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: Tai Chi, brisk walking, mediation and neutral reading. Mental arithmetic and other difficult tests were chosen as mental challenges, and a stressful film was used to produce emotional disturbance. Tai Chi and the other treatments were applied after these stressors. After all treatments, the salivary cortisol level dropped significantly, and the mood states were also improved. In general the stress-reduction effect of Tai Chi characterized moderate physical exercise. Heart rate, blood pressure, and urinary catecholamine changes for Tai Chi were found to be similar to those for walking at a speed of 6 km/hr. Although Tai Chi appeared to be superior to neutral reading in the reduction of state anxiety and the enhancement of vigour, this effect could be partially accounted for by the subjects' high expectations about gains from Tai Chi. Approaches controlling for expectancy level are recommended for further assessment.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0022-3999(92)90072-a

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 32 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Wan, 1989, Rehabilitation effect of Tai Chi Chuan for inpatients with chronic diseases, Tai Chi Chuan J, 63, 33
  2. Zhang, 1989, Therapeutic effect of Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan with medical treatment on 137 hepatitis cases, Tai Chi Chuan J, 64, 26

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Jin, P.
Affiliations
La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author
Jin, Putai
Venue
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1992-05
Volume
36
Issue
4
Pages
361-370
ISSN
0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0022-3999(92)90072-a
OpenAlex
W2080970832
Cited by
425
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
FWCI
2.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, reading, stress reduction, salivary cortisol, mood states, state anxiety, vigor, heart rate, blood pressure, urinary catecholamines, mental arithmetic, expectancy effects, physical activity
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Blood Pressure, Catecholamines, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reading, Relaxation Therapy, Stress, Psychological, Walking, Martial Arts

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review