Protein selection by rats adapted to high or moderately low levels of dietary protein
Abstract
After preliminary studies on flavor acceptability, patterns and indices of subsequent feeding behavior were monitored by computer in young rats which were adapted to 15% or 70% casein diets before being offered, sequentially, choices between flavored diet pairs in which the proportions of percentage casein were 5/65, 5/55, 5/45, 5/35 and 5/25. Similarly adapted rats received these choices in the reverse sequence. Rats adapted to 15% casein usually ate randomly from the diet pairs and selected approximately 15-30% casein; individual behaviors were prominent. The 70% casein groups avoided the higher casein diet, often within minutes (except for the first-offered 5/25 choice), and seldom selected more than 10% casein; individual differences were infrequent. Such rats also distinguished between flavored 70% and 65% casein diets. Sizes and numbers of meals and rates of eating differed for the paired diets, especially for rats adapted to 70% casein. A flavor added to the 70% casein adaptation diet was not avoided when present only in the 5% casein diet of a 5/65 choice. Rats adapted to 70% soy protein before receiving flavored 5/65 to 5/25 choices selected 20-28% soy protein, a level far above those of casein selections by rats adapted to 70% casein. Dietary adaptation and type of protein thus affect subsequent diet selection and feeding patterns and indices.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When given a choice, a wide range of species will self-select between diets that are high and low in protein in order to maintain protein intake.
“When given a choice, a wide range of species will self-select between diets that are high and low in protein in order to maintain protein intake”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [91]
Cites
Amino Acid Diets and Maximal Growth in the Rat
Rogers, Q. R., & Harper, A. E. (1965) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/87.3.267 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Selection of Foods by Rats, Humans, and Other Animals
Rozin, P. N. (1976) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60081-9 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Enzyme synthesis and degradation in mammalian systems
Rechcígl, M. (1971) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Food intake regulation in the weanling rat: self-selection of protein and energy
Musten, B., Peace, D., & Anderson, G. H. (1974) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/104.5.563 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Associations among food and protein intake, serine dehydratase, and plasma amino acids
Anderson, H., Benevenga, N., & Harper, A. E. (1968) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.214.5.1008 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationNocturnal patterns of macronutrient intake in freely feeding and food-deprived rats
Tempel, D. L., Shor‐Posner, G., Dwyer, D. M., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1989) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.2.r541 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Variety in the flavor of food enhances eating in the rat: A controlled demonstration☆
Treit, D., Spetch, M. L., & Deutsch, J. A. (1983) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90007-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Naim, M., Brand, J. G., Kare, M. R., & Carpenter, R. G. (1985) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/115.11.1447 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Scott, E. M. (1946) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/31.4.397 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Periodicity of food intake in the rat as measured by an operant response
Balagura, S., & Coscina, D. V. (1968) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(68)90127-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Leung, P. M. B., Larson, D. M., & Rogers, Q. R. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90011-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Meal composition influences subsequent food selection in the young rat
Li, E. T. S., & Anderson, G. H. (1982) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90324-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Strategies of protein selection by weanling and adult rats
Leathwood, P. D., & Ashley, D. V. M. (1983) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(83)80006-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Dietary self-selection by animals.
Overmann, S. R. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.83.2.218 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Influence of fasting and protein deprivation on food self-selection in the rat☆
Piquard, F., SCHAEFER, A., & Haberey, P. (1978) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90304-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Dietary self-selection by animals.
Overmann, S. R. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.2.218 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Factors affecting the selection of protein and carbohydrate from a dietary choice
Ashley, D. V. M. (1985) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(85)80164-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
PETERS, J., & HARPER, A. (1984) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90048-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein and energy consumption, plasma amino acid ratios, and brain neurotransmitter concentrations
Peters, J. C., & Harper, A. E. (1981) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(81)90271-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-Selection and Regulation of Protein:Carbohydrate Ratio in Foods Adult Rats Eat
Theall, C. L., Wurtman, J. J., & Wurtman, R. J. (1984) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/114.4.711 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Different diurnal rhythms of protein and non-protein energy intake by rats
Johnson, D. J., Li, E. T. S., Coscina, D. V., & Anderson, G. H. (1979) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90247-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Palatability and meal patterns
Sunday, S. R., Sanders, S. A., & COLLIER, G. H. (1983) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90257-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Scott, E. M., & Quint, E. (1946) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/32.3.293 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Control of Enzyme Activity: Nutritional Factors1
Freedland, R. A., & Szepesi, B. (2015) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000391791 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-selection of natural and purified dietary protein
COLLIER, G. H., Leshner, A. I., & Squibb, R. L. (1969) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90017-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Preference of rats for food flavors and texture in nutritionally controlled semi-purified diets
Naim, M., Brand, J. G., Christensen, C. M., Kare, M. R., & Buren, S. V. (1986) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90377-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effect of type of protein on food intake of rats fed high protein diets
Semon, B. A., Leung, P. M. B., Rogers, Q. R., & Gietzen, D. W. (1987) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(87)90080-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Peng, Y., Meliza, L. L., Vavich, M. G., & Kemmerer, A. R. (1975) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/105.11.1395 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dietary self-selection and intake of protein and energy is altered by the form of the diets
McArthur, R. A., & Blundell, J. E. (1986) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90100-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effects of age and feeding regimen on protein and carbohydrate self-selection
McArthur, R. A., & Blundell, J. E. (1982) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(82)80008-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dietary branched-chain amino acids and protein selection by rats
Anderson, S. A., Tews, J. K., & Harper, A. E. (1990) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/120.1.52 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of odor in the maintenance of flavor aversion
Buskirk, R. L. V. (1981) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(81)90255-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Behavioural Strategies in the Regulation of Food Choice
Leathwood, P. D., & Ashley, D. V. M. (1983) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-6540-1_11 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Multiple Factors in Short-Term Behavioral Control of Protein Intake in Rats.
Schoenfeld, T. A., & Hamilton, L. W. (1976) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0078664 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Groziak, S. M., Kirksey, A., & Hamaker, B. R. (1984) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/114.4.727 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Purified diets: Some cautions about casein
Sanders, S. A., Ackroff, K., COLLIER, G. H., & Squibb, R. L. (1984) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90169-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The importance of odor and texture cues in food aversion learning
Martin, L. T., & Lawrence, C. D. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)92103-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Norleucine: A branched-chain amino acid analog affecting feeding behavior of rats
Tews, J. K., Repa, J. J., & Harper, A. E. (1990) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(90)90379-v · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Integrative models of nutrient balancing: application to insects and vertebrates
Raubenheimer, D., & Simpson, S. J. (1997) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr19970009 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Ropelle, E. R., Pauli, J. R., Fernandes, M. F., Rocco, S. A., Marin, R. M., Morari, J., Souza, K. K., Dias, M. M., Gomes‐Marcondes, M. C. C., Gontijo, J. A. R., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0573 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
RetractedGeometric analysis of macronutrient intake in humans: the power of protein?
Simpson, S. J., Batley, R., & Raubenheimer, D. (2003) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00049-7 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Fromentin, G., Darcel, N., Chaumontet, C., Marsset‐Baglieri, A., Nadkarni, N. A., & Tomé, D. (2012) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422411000175 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in the rat
SIMPSON, S. J., & RAUBENHEIMER, D. (1997) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.1996.0077 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Protein leverage affects energy intake of high-protein diets in humans
Martens, E. A. P., Lemmens, S. G. T., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.046540 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A high-protein diet enhances satiety without conditioned taste aversion in the rat
Bensaı̈d, A., Tomé, D., L'Heureux-Bourdon, D., Even, P., Gietzen, D., Morens, C., Gaudichon, C., Larue-Achagiotis, C., & Fromentin, G. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00977-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference
Hill, C. M., Qualls-Creekmore, E., Berthoud, H.-R., Soto, P., Yu, S., McDougal, D. H., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Homeostatic regulation of protein intake: in search of a mechanism
Morrison, C. D., Reed, S. D., & Henagan, T. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00609.2011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Protein selection, food intake, and body composition in response to the amount of dietary protein
White, B. D., Porter, M. H., & Martin, R. J. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00232-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Compared effects of cold ambient temperature and cytokines on macronutrient intake in rats
Aubert, A., Goodall, G., & Dantzer, R. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00391-h · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Protein leverage effects of beef protein on energy intake in humans
Martens, E. A. P., Tan, S., Dunlop, M. V., Mattes, R. D., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.078774 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A framework for the study of macronutrient intake in fish
Simpson, S. J., & Raubenheimer, D. (2001) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00593.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pezeshki, A., Fahim, A., & Chelikani, P. K. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.213843 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Singh, A., Pezeshki, A., Zapata, R. C., Yee, N. J., Knight, C. G., Tuor, U. I., & Chelikani, P. K. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Macronutrient self-selection in European sea bass in response to dietary protein or fat restriction
Vivas, M., Sánchez‐Vázquez, F. J., Garcı́a, B. G., & Madrid, J. A. (2003) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00799.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yu, Y., South, T., & Huang, X. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Even, P. C., Gehring, J., & Tomé, D. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13194 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gall, M. L., Word, M. L., Beye, A., & Cease, A. (2020) · Current Research in Insect Science · doi:10.1016/j.cris.2020.100004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models
Senior, A. M., Raubenheimer, D., Couteur, D. G. L., & Simpson, S. J. (2024) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102327 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Geometric Models of Macronutrient Selection
Simpson, S. J., & Raubenheimer, D. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420048933.ch4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kim, S. Q., Spann, R. A., Khan, M. S. H., Berthoud, H., Münzberg, H., Albaugh, V. L., He, Y., McDougal, D. H., Soto, P. L., Yu, S., et al. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Macronutrients in Human Milk and Early Childhood Growth—Is Protein the Main Driver?
Ma, J., Palmer, D. J., Lai, C. T., Prescott, S. L., D’Vaz, N., Vlaskovsky, P., Stinson, L. F., Gridneva, Z., & Geddes, D. T. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16203514 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Control of Food Intake by Dietary Amino Acids and Proteins
Fromentin, G., Darcel, N., Chaumontet, C., Even, P. C., Tomé, D., & Gaudichon, C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802167-5.00016-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Geometry of Human Nutrition
Simpson, S. J., & Raubenheimer, D. (2012) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.23943/princeton/9780691145655.003.0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of hypothalamic neuropeptides and BDNF in obesity and the effects of dietary intervention
Yu, Y. (2009) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Interaction of Dietary Protein and Energy Balance
Martens, E. A. P., Mattes, R. D., Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., Bergeron, N., Siri-Tarino, P. W., Bray, G. A., & Krauss, R. M. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315119410-17
Interaction of dietary protein with energy balance
Martens, E. A. P. (2014) · doi:10.26481/dis.20141211em
- Authors
- Tews, J. K., Repa, J. J., & Harper, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- ORCID
- Repa, Joyce J.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 699-712
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007983679
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk010747-22)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK10747)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- protein selection, casein, soy protein, feeding behavior, meal size, eating speed, individual differences, flavor acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Animals, Body Weight, Dietary Proteins, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Male, Nutritional Requirements, Rats, Inbred Strains, Taste, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review