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Long-term changes in open field behaviour following a single social defeat in rats can be reversed by sleep deprivation
Abstract
The long-term consequences of a single social defeat on open field behaviour in rats were studied, with special emphasis on the time course of stress-induced changes. Animals were subjected to social defeat by placing them into the territory of an aggressive male conspecific for 1 h. After the defeat session experimental animals were returned to their home cage and their own room, receiving no further cues from the resident. Other animals serving as controls were placed in a clean and empty cage for 1 h. Five-minute open field tests were performed on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 after defeat, with independent groups of rats. Locomotion of the animals was recorded and analyzed with an automated video system. Social defeat resulted in a strong subsequent reduction in open field activity, which lasted till at least 7 days after the conflict. Differences in total travelled distance were no longer significant 2 weeks after the conflict. The latency for moving to the outer ring of the open field arena after the start of the test was still significantly longer 4 weeks after defeat. The stress-induced reduction in open field locomotion could be reversed by 12-h sleep deprivation during the resting phase, an intervention known to have antidepressant effects in humans. Possible relevance of the present findings with respect to human affective disorders is discussed.
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“Interestingly, a 12-hour sleep deprivation that is applied by using a slowly rotating drum which minimizes physical stress, but does produce locomotor activity, reversed the decreased open-field behavior induced by a single social defeat.40”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [40]
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A single social defeat transiently suppresses the anti-viral immune response in mice
de Groot, J., van Milligen, F. J., Moonen-Leusen, B., Thomas, G., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00005-3 · Cited by 39
Self-citationRazzoli, M., Carboni, L., & Arban, R. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.018 · Cited by 42
Social stress-induced hypothyroidism is attenuated by antidepressant treatment in rats
Olivares, E. L., Almeida, C. D. S., Pestana, F. M., Sonoda‐Côrtes, R., Araujo, I. G., Rodrigues, N. C., Mecawi, A. S., Côrtes, W. D. S., Marassi, M. P., Reis, L. C., et al. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.035 · Cited by 37
“Although some works have demonstrated behavioral effects of acute social defeat exposure (Meerlo et al., 1996; Berton et al., 1999), only recently the effects of repeated social defeat exposure have been more explored.”
Neurobiology of the metabolic syndrome: An allostatic perspective
van Dijk, G., & Buwalda, B. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.079 · Cited by 38
“They showed long-term deterioration of mood (Meerlo et al., 1996), and displayed a reduced performance in a so-called novel object recognition paradigm (van Dijk and Buwalda, unpublished observation).”
BackgroundKinn, A. M., Grønli, J., Fiske, E., Kuipers, S. D., Ursin, R., Murison, R. C. C., & Portas, C. M. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.031 · Cited by 39
“This was surprising because socially defeated rats have earlier shown decreased activity after a single exposure to the open field [25], an effect seen one, two and seven days after a single social defeat (different animals were used each day to prevent habituation).”
BackgroundMethodErschbamer, M., Pham, T. M., Zwart, M., Baumans, V., & Olson, L. (2006) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.003 · Cited by 34
Effects of Social Stress on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior
Blanchard, D. C., McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, R. J., & Hardy, M. P. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50015-9 · Cited by 33
Wang, D., Li, X., Gao, K., Lü, D., Zhang, X., Ma, C., Ye, F., & Zhang, L. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.003 · Cited by 32
“The amount of time spent in the peripheral zone is a manifestation of thigmotaxis (Meerlo et al., 1996).”
BackgroundRød, A. M. K., Milde, A. M., Grønli, J., Jellestad, F. K., Sundberg, H., & Murison, R. C. C. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2012.663836 · Cited by 32
Vidal, J., Buwalda, B., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2011) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.03.004 · Cited by 28
Self-citationPrepubertal Social Subjugation and Anabolic Androgenic Steroid‐Induced Aggression in Male Rats
Cunningham, R. L., & McGinnis, M. Y. (2008) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01756.x · Cited by 26
Holubová, K., Nekovářová, T., Pistovčáková, J., Šulcová, A., Stuchlík, A. (., & Valeš, K. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00130 · Cited by 29
“Among the most often noted behavioral responses is the decrease in activity and exploration in the open field (Meerlo et al., 1996; Rygula et al., 2005; Razzoli et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHarvey, M. L., Swallows, C. L., & Cooper, M. A. (2012) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0029047 · Cited by 25
Parrish, J. B., & Teske, J. A. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21703 · Cited by 24
“12 h) (22,23), or gentle handling (4–6 h) (24,25).”
ResultShimozuru, M., Kikusui, T., Takeuchi, Y., & Mori, Y. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.018 · Cited by 24
Aggressive and Sexual Social Stimuli Do not Phase Shift the Orcadian Temperature Rhythm in Rats
Meerlo, P., & Daan, S. (1998) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529808998686 · Cited by 23
Self-citationPsychosocial stress alters ethanol's effect on open field behaviors
Blakley, G. G., & Pohorecky, L. A. (2006) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.04.005 · Cited by 22
Risk assessment and avoidance in juvenile golden hamsters exposed to repeated stress
Bastida, C. C., Puga, F., & Delville, Y. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.09.009 · Cited by 19
SUMNER, B. E. H., D’Eath, R. B., Farnworth, M. J., Robson, S. K., Russell, J. A., Lawrence, A. B., & Jarvis, S. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.05.004 · Cited by 19
Khoswanto, C. (2019) · European Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1694312 · Cited by 17
5-HT1A receptor activation reduces fear-related behavior following social defeat in Syrian hamsters
Bader, L. R., Carboni, J. D., Burleson, C. A., & Cooper, M. A. (2014) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.024 · Cited by 17
“…behavior in the elevated plus maze (Heinrichs et al., 1992; Berton et al., 1998), altered circadian rhythmicity (Tornatzky and Miczek, 1993; Meerlo et al., 1996a), reduced body weight (Bartolomucci et al., 2004; Iio et al., 2012), and reduced locomotor activity (Rygula et al., 2005; amily…”
Stress and Aggressive Behaviors
Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168761.003.0012 · Cited by 17
Effects of social defeat on sleep and behaviour: Importance of the confrontational behaviour
Rød, A. M. K., Murison, R. C. C., Mrdalj, J., Milde, A. M., Jellestad, F. K., Øvernes, L. A., & Grønli, J. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.010 · Cited by 16
Social Stress Effects on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior
McKittrick, C. R., Blanchard, D. C., Hardy, M. P., & Blanchard, R. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00009-7 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Meerlo, P., Overkamp, G. J. F., Benning, M. A., Koolhaas, J. M., & Van Den Hoofdakker, R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Meerlo, P.
- ORCID
- Meerlo, P.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 115-119
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032960831
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- social defeat, sleep deprivation, open field behavior, locomotor activity, stress, antidepressant effects, mood disorders, rats, territorial aggression
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aggression, Agonistic Behavior, Animals, Arousal, Dominance-Subordination, Exploratory Behavior, Male, Motor Activity, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Rats
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