Ontogenesis of goal-directed behavior: anatomo-functional considerations
Abstract
Recent neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies in man have revealed ontogenetic events which coincide with broadly defined phases of behavioral and cognitive development. During the early fetal period, early produced neurons make initial synapses which form the basis for the earliest electrical activity of the human brain. The overall immaturity of neuronal connections, in particularly in cortical areas, correlates with the absence of any behavioral pattern or goal-directed movements. In the late fetus and preterm infant, transient accumulation of major afferent pathways, the presence of transient layers (subplate zone) and transient pattern of transmitter-related organization form the neurological basis of cortical electric responses as well as transient behavioral states and sleep patterns. Parallel to the profound structural and chemical reorganization of the human cerebrum during the first 6 postnatal months there is a disappearance of transient behavioral and motor patterns. The previously close spatio-temporal correlation between these events becomes progressively looser. The overproduction of circuitry elements during the subsequent period peaks in associative cortex between 1 and 2 years of age, corresponding to the emergence of skilled actions and cognitive functions. After the elimination of some circuitry elements after the second year of life, the prolonged maturation of goal-directed behavior and the protracted emergence of different cognitive functions correlates with the development plateau of synapse production which can be seen up to 16 years of age. Parallel to the prolonged maturation of postsynaptic elements, there are well defined maturational changes in the chemical properties of associative pyramidal neurons of cortical layer III. These findings correspond to the prolonged maturation of movement-related brain macropotentials as well as other cognition-related potentials, where the last prominent changes were seen after 10 years of age. Although the coincidence of the developmental events does not necessarily mean a causal relationship, the combination of structural and physiological data opens new vistas for the further investigation of the neurobiological basis of goal-directed movement and cognitive behavior.
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Areal boundaries appear very early in development.
“These areal boundaries appear very early in development (Kostovic et al., 1995)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Kostovic et al., 1995
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MRI of normal fetal brain development
Prayer, D., Kasprian, G., Krampl, E., Ulm, B., Witzani, L., Prayer, L., & Brugger, P. C. (2006) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.11.020 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
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MR connectomics: a conceptual framework for studying the developing brain
Hagmann, P., Grant, P. E., & Fair, D. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00043 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Early human brain development: Starring the subplate
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- Authors
- Kostović, I., Judaš, M., Petanjek, Z., & Šimić, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Zagreb (HR)
- Corresponding author
- Kostović, Ivica
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-102
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018330391
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- goal-directed behavior, behavioral development, brain maturation, synaptogenesis, fetal brain development, preterm infants, cortical development, postnatal development, synaptic pruning, association cortex, pyramidal neurons, movement-related potentials, cognitive development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Electrophysiology, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Human Development, Infant, Motor Activity
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