Cited by 836Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR

McGeer, Patrick L., Itagaki, Shigeru, Tago, Hisao, McGeer, Edith G.·1987·Neuroscience Letters

DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90696-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

HLA-DR is a class II cell surface glycoprotein of the human histocompatibility complex usually expressed on the surface of cells that are simultaneously presenting foreign antigen to T-lymphocytes. Using immunohistochemical procedures with two specific monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR, HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia were found in gray matter throughout the cortex of postmortem brains of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and were particularly concentrated in the areas of senile plaque formation. Double immunostaining with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that the HLA-DR-positive cells were different from the reactive astrocytes although the occasional positively staining giant astrocyte was also seen. Small numbers of resting microglia were HLA-DR-positive in white matter of both normal and SDAT brains. The SDAT cases also had reduced cortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels. In the 11 brains studied, the number of hippocampal HLA-DR-positive cells was positively correlated with the numbers of plaques and negatively correlated with average cortical ChAT.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90696-3

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques
(1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-04011-x · Cited by 508
THE DETAILED DISTRIBUTION OF MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS IN NORMAL HUMAN ORGANS
Daar, A. S., Fuggle, S., Fabre, J. W., Ting, A., & Morris, P. J. (1984) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198409000-00019 · Cited by 432
Monoclonal antibody analysis of MHC expression in human brain biopsies: tissue ranging from "histologically normal" to that showing different levels of glial tumor involvement.
Lampson, L. A., & Hickey, W. F. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.11.4054 · Cited by 230
Interferon-γ induces the expression of H-2 and Ia antigens on brain cells
Wong, G. H., Bartlett, P. F., Clark‐Lewis, I., McKimm‐Breschkin, J. L., & Schrader, J. W. (1984) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(84)80026-0 · Cited by 181
Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons of the hypothalamus
Tago, H., McGeer, P. L., Bruce, G., & Hersh, L. B. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90268-x · Cited by 142
Self-citation
The cholinergic system of the human hindbrain studied by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry
Mizukawa, K., McGeer, P. L., Tago, H., Peng, J. H., McGeer, E. G., & Kimura, H. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90253-2 · Cited by 120
Self-citation
Demonstration of HLA-DR antigens in normal human brain.
de Tribolet, N., Hamou, M., Mach, J. P., Carrel, S., & Schreyer, M. (1984) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.4.417 · Cited by 57
Immunofluorescence studies of the monocytes in the injured rat brain
Tsuchihashi, Y., Kitamura, T., & Fujita, S. (1981) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00688024 · Cited by 48
γ-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE
McGeer, E. G., Singh, E. A., & McGeer, P. L. (1987) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198701000-00005 · Cited by 15
Self-citation

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

McGeer, 1987, Biochemistry and pathology of the basal ganglia, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 19
del Rio Hortega, 1932, Microglia, Vol. 2, 483
Tago, H., McGeer, P.L., Bruce, G. and Hersh, L.B., Distribution of cholineacetyltransferase-containing neurons of the hypothalamus, Brain Res., in press.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 834

Overexpression of Mutant Amyloid-β Protein Precursor and Presenilin 1 Modulates Enteric Nervous System
Puig, K. L., Lutz, B. M., Urquhart, S. A., Rebel, A. A., Zhou, X., Manocha, G. D., Sens, M. A., Tuteja, A. K., Foster, N. L., & Combs, C. K. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-142259 · Cited by 80
Alzheimer’s Disease Can Be Spared by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
McGeer, P. L., Guo, J. P., Lee, M., Kennedy, K., & McGeer, E. G. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170706 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
An animal model of prophylactic cranial irradiation: Histologic effects at acute, early and delayed stages
Mildenberger, M., Beach, T. G., McGeer, E. G., & Ludgate, C. M. (1990) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/0360-3016(90)90440-u · Cited by 76
Self-citation
Induction of Neuronal Death by Microglial AGE-Albumin: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Byun, K., Bayarsaikhan, E., Kim, D., Kim, C. Y., Mook-Jung, I., Paek, S. H., Kim, S. U., Yamamoto, T., Won, M.-H., Song, B.-J., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037917 · Cited by 75
Microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a critical examination of recent history
Streit (2010) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00022 · Cited by 76
Alzheimer’s disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: Defective immune regulation and apoptosis as proposed common links
Kountouras, J., Gavalas, E., Zavos, C., Stergiopoulos, C., Chatzopoulos, D., Kapetanakis, N., & Gisakis, D. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.052 · Cited by 75
Peripheral administration of novel anti-inflammatories can attenuate the effects of chronic inflammation within the CNS
Hauss‐Wegrzyniak, B., Willard, L. B., Soldato, P. D., Pepeu, G., & Wenk, G. L. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01081-6 · Cited by 75
APOE genotype-specific differences in human and mouse macrophage nitric oxide production
Colton, C. A., Needham, L. K., Brown, C., Cook, D., Rasheed, K., Burke, J. R., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., & Vitek, M. P. (2004) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.015 · Cited by 75
Neuroinflammatory Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Uddin, M. S., Kabir, M. T., Jalouli, M., Rahman, M. A., Jeandet, P., Behl, T., Alexiou, A. T., Albadrani, G. M., Abdel‐Daim, M. M., Perveen, A., et al. (2021) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x19666210826130210 · Cited by 76
Neuroimmune contributions to Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on human data
Haage, V., & De Jager, P. L. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01637-0 · Cited by 74
Erythrocyte membrane characteristics indicate abnormal cellular aging in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Bosman, G. J. C. G. M., Bartholomeus, I. G. P., de Man, A. J. M., Kalmthout, P. J. C. V., & Grip, W. J. D. (1991) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(91)90033-g · Cited by 74
An in vitro model for the study of microglia-induced neurodegeneration: involvement of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α
Hemmer, K., Fransen, L., Vanderstichele, H., Vanmechelen, E., & Heuschling, P. (2001) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00119-4 · Cited by 75
Glia-Driven Neuroinflammation and Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hashioka, S., Wu, Z., & Klegeris, A. (2021) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666201111104509 · Cited by 78
Maresin 1 Improves Cognitive Decline and Ameliorates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Yin, P., Wang, X., Wang, S., Wei, Y., Feng, J., & Zhu, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00466 · Cited by 73
Microglial pathology in Down syndrome
Xue, Q., & Streit, W. J. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0864-5 · Cited by 75
Royal Jelly Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation in BV-2 Microglial Cells through Modulating NF-κB and p38/JNK Signaling Pathways
You, M., Chen, Y., Pan, Y., Liu, Y.-C., Tu, J., Wang, K., & Hu, F. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/7834381 · Cited by 74
Innate Immunity in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Complex Affair
Guillot‐Sestier, M., & Town, T. (2013) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527311312050008 · Cited by 72
Effect of Anti-inflammatory Medications on Neuropathological Findings in Alzheimer Disease
Halliday, G. M., Shepherd, C. E., McCann, H., Reid, W. G. J., Grayson, D. A., Broe, G. A., & Kril, J. J. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.6.831 · Cited by 72
Human herpes virus infections and Alzheimer's disease
Deatly, A. M., Haase, A. T., Fewster, P. H., LEWIS, E., & Ball, M. J. (1990) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1990.tb01158.x · Cited by 70
Inflammation: Bridging Age, Menopause and APOEε4 Genotype to Alzheimer’s Disease
Mishra, A., & Brinton, R. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00312 · Cited by 71
Altered microglia and neurovasculature in the Alzheimer's disease cerebellum
Singh‐Bains, M. K., Linke, V., Austria, M. D. R., Tan, A. Y. S., Scotter, E. L., Mehrabi, N. F., Faull, R. L. M., & Dragunow, M. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104589 · Cited by 74
Transforming growth factor-β protects human neurons against β-amyloid-induced injury
Chao, C. C., Hu, S., Kravitz, F. H., Tsang, M., Anderson, W. R., & Peterson, P. K. (1994) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815409 · Cited by 70
A comparative immunohistochemical study of Kuru and senile plaques with a special reference to glial reactions at various stages of amyloid plaque formation.
Miyazono, M., Iwaki, T., Kitamoto, T., Kaneko, Y., Doh‐ura, K., & Tateishi, J. (1991) · PubMed Central · Cited by 69
Retinal and Optic Nerve Damage is Associated with Early Glial Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Glaucoma Model
Noristani, R., Kuehn, S., Stute, G., Reinehr, S., Stellbogen, M., Dick, H. B., & Joachim, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-015-0707-2 · Cited by 70
Immunohistochemical study of α2 Macroglobulin receptor in Alzheimer and control postmortem human brain
Tooyama, I., Kawamata, T., Akiyama, H., Moestrup, S. K., Gliemann, J., & McGeer, P. L. (1993) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf03160029 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
The Immunopathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Some Related Disorders
Kalaria, R. N. (1993) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1993.tb00761.x · Cited by 69
Microglia TREM2R47H Alzheimer-linked variant enhances excitatory transmission and reduces LTP via increased TNF-α levels
Ren, S., Yao, W., Tambini, M. D., Yin, T., Norris, K. A., & D'Adamio, L. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.57513 · Cited by 68
Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of myeloid cell marker expression in human cortex captures microglia heterogeneity with anatomical context
Swanson, M. E. V., Murray, H. C., Ryan, B., Faull, R. L. M., Dragunow, M., & Curtis, M. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68086-z · Cited by 65
Microglial Activation and Priming in Alzheimer’s Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Bivona, G., Iemmolo, M., Agnello, L., Sasso, B. L., Gambino, C. M., Giglio, R. V., Scazzone, C., Ghersi, G., & Ciaccio, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010884 · Cited by 74
Rat brain microglia and peritoneal macrophages show similar responses to respiratory burst stimulants
Klegeris, A., & McGeer, P. L. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90067-1 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Kynurenines, neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease
Kincses, Z. T., Toldi, J., & Vécsei, L. (2010) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01123.x · Cited by 70
RETRACTED: Phytomedicine-Based Potent Antioxidant, Fisetin Protects CNS-Insult LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment
Ahmad, A., Ali, T., Rehman, S. U., & Kim, M. O. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8060850 · Cited by 68
Retracted
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and the Risk for Alzheimer???s Disease
Launer, L. J. (2003) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200363080-00001 · Cited by 69
Cortical Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease but Not Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Shepherd, C. E., Thiel, E., McCann, H., Harding, A. J., & Halliday, G. M. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.6.817 · Cited by 67
Microglial toll-like receptors and Alzheimer’s disease
Su, F., Bai, F., Zhou, H., & Zhang, Z. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.010 · Cited by 69
Anti-inflammatory and Immune Therapy for Alzheimers Disease: Current Status and Future Directions
Walker, D., & Lue, L.-F. (2007) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015907782793667 · Cited by 66
Spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals inflammatory foci defined by senescent cells in the white matter, hippocampi and cortical grey matter in the aged mouse brain
Kiss, T., Nyúl-Tóth, Á., DelFavero, J., Balasubramanian, P., Tarantini, S., Faakye, J., Gulej, R., Ahire, C., Ungvari, A., Yabluchanskiy, A., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00521-7 · Cited by 66
Therapeutic implications of the prostaglandin pathway in Alzheimer's disease
Cudaback, E., Jorstad, N. L., Yang, Y. J., Montine, T. J., & Keene, C. D. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.014 · Cited by 68
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors inhibit expression of chemokines IP-10 and RANTES and cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the CNS following a systemic inflammatory challenge
O’Sullivan, J. B., Ryan, K. M., Harkin, A., & Connor, T. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.12.007 · Cited by 65
Environmental Toxicants-Induced Immune Responses in the Olfactory Mucosa
Imamura, F., & Hasegawa‐Ishii, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00475 · Cited by 68
Complement-activated oligodendroglia: A new pathogenic entity identified by immunostaining with antibodies to human complement proteins C3d and C4d
Yamada, T., Akiyama, H., & McGeer, P. L. (1990) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90196-g · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Effects of Incorporation of Immunoglobulin G and Complement Component C1q on Uptake and Degradation of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Fibrils by Microglia
Brazil, M. I., Chung, H., & Maxfield, F. R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000937200 · Cited by 64
Increased senile plaques without microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Ohgami, T., Kitamoto, T., Shin, R. W., Kaneko, Y., Ogomori, K., & Tateishi, J. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00305864 · Cited by 64
How the immune system shapes neurodegenerative diseases
Mason, H. D., & McGavern, D. B. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.001 · Cited by 67
The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Batista, A. F., Khan, K., Papavergi, M.-T., & Lemere, C. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25020817 · Cited by 72
Histological signs of immune reactions against allogeneic solid fetal neural grafts in the mouse cerebellum depend on the MHC locus
Date, I., Kawamura, K., & Nakashima, H. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00279656 · Cited by 64
Expression of major histocompatibility complex and leukocyte common antigens in amoeboid microglia in postnatal rats.
Ling, E. A., Kaur, C., & Wong, W. C. (1991) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 64
Decreased beta-amyloid and increased abnormal Tau deposition in the brain of aged patients with leprosy.
Chui, D., Tabira, T., Izumi, S., Koya, G., & Ogata, J. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 63
Cells of monocyte/microglial lineage are involved in both microvessel amyloidosis and fibrillar plaque formation in APPsw tg mice
Węgiel, J., Imaki, H., Wang, K.-C., Wegiel, J., & Rubenstein, R. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.06.058 · Cited by 62
Can inflammation be resolved in Alzheimer’s disease?
Zhu, M., Wang, X., Sun, L., Schultzberg, M., & Hjorth, E. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756286418791107 · Cited by 62
Neurofibrillary tangles of Guam parkinson-dementia are associated with reactive microglia and complement proteins
Schwab, C., Steele, J. C., & McGeer, P. L. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01257-5 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Inflammation and Microglia Actions in Alzheimer’s Disease
Combs, C. K. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-009-9165-3 · Cited by 62
Neuromelanin activates proinflammatory microglia through a caspase-8-dependent mechanism
Viceconte, N., Burguillos, M. Á., Herrera, A. J., de Pablos, R. M., Joseph, B., & Venero, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0228-x · Cited by 60
The impact of neuroimmune changes on development of amyloid pathology; relevance to A lzheimer's disease
Lynch, M. A. (2013) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12156 · Cited by 64
Age-Dependent Changes in the Activation and Regulation of Microglia
Cornejo, F., & Rommy von Bernhardi, M. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_10 · Cited by 61
Cytoskeletal pathology in familial cerebral amyloid angiopathy (British type) with non-neuritic amyloid plaque formation
Révész, T., Holton, J. L., Doshi, B., Anderton, B. H., Scaravilli, F., & Plant, G. T. (1999) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010050970 · Cited by 60
The Mechanisms of Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation
Huang, X., Ying, J., Yang, D., Fang, P., Wang, X., Zhou, B., Zhang, L., Yang, F., Yu, W., Liu, X., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.717745 · Cited by 61
Neuritic Plaques — Gateways to Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
Tsering, W., & Prokop, S. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03736-7 · Cited by 59
Genetic requirement of p47 phox for superoxide production by murine microglia
Lavigne, M. C., Malech, H. L., Holland, S. M., & Leto, T. L. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0608fje · Cited by 59
Diverse Inflammatory Responses in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and the Effect of Immunotherapy on These Responses
Wilcock, D. M., Zhao, Q., Morgan, D., Gordon, M. N., Everhart, A. L., Wilson, J. G., Lee, J. E., & Colton, C. A. (2011) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1042/an20110018 · Cited by 60
Immune and behavioral consequences of microglial reactivity in the aged brain
Wynne, A. M., Henry, C. J., & Godbout, J. P. (2009) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icp009 · Cited by 60
Carbachol increases intracellular free calcium in cultured rat microglia
Whittemore, E. R., Korotzer, A. R., Etebari, A., & Cotman, C. W. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90297-z · Cited by 59
Targeting of adoptively transferred experimental allergic encephalitis lesion at the sites of Wallerian degeneration
Konno, H., Yamamoto, T., Suzuki, H., Yamamoto, H., Iwasaki, Y., Ohara, Y., Terunuma, H., & Harata, N. C. (1990) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00294613 · Cited by 59
Regulation of glutamate in cultures of human monocytic THP-1 and astrocytoma U-373 MG cells
Klegeris, A., Walker, D. G., & McGeer, P. L. (1997) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00094-5 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
A case of adult‐onset dementia with argyrophilic grains
Itagaki, S., McGeer, P. L., Akiyama, H., Beattie, B. L., Walker, D. G., Moore, G. R. W., & McGeer, E. G. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260517 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Apoptosis, Neurotrophic Factors and Neurodegeneration
Dragunow, M., MacGibbon, G. A., Lawlor, P. A., Butterworth, N. J., Connor, B. J., Henderson, C. E., Walton, M. R., Woodgate, A.-M., Hughes, P. E., & Faull, R. L. M. (1997) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1997.8.3-4.223 · Cited by 58
Review: Experimental manipulations of microglia in mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology: activation reduces amyloid but hastens tau pathology
Lee, D. C., Rizer, J., Hunt, J. B., Selenica, M. ‐. B., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12002 · Cited by 57
Occurrence of HLA‐DR Reactive Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease
McGEER, P. L., ITAGAKI, S., TAGO, H., & McGEER, E. G. (1988) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27086.x · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Microglial Priming in Infections and Its Risk to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lima, M. N., Barbosa‐Silva, M. C., & Maron‐Gutierrez, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.878987 · Cited by 66
Do infectious agents play a role in dementia?
Dobson, C. B., Wozniak, M. A., & Itzhaki, R. F. (2003) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(03)00146-x · Cited by 56
Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease
Zhao, R. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9 · Cited by 64
Subcellular localization of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (α2-macroglobulin receptor) in human brain
Tooyama, I., Kawamata, T., Akiyama, H., Kimura, H., Moestrup, S. K., Gliemann, J., Matsuo, A., & McGeer, P. L. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00735-9 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
CXCL8 protects human neurons from amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease
Ashutosh, A., Kou, W., Cotter, R. L., Borgmann, K., Wu, L., Persidsky, R., Sakhuja, N., & Ghorpade, A. (2011) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.127 · Cited by 58
Neutralization of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreases amyloid beta 1-42 and suppresses microglial activity in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Manczak, M., Mao, P., Nakamura, K., Bebbington, C., Park, B., & Reddy, P. H. (2009) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp331 · Cited by 56
Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Mori, T., Koyama, N., Tan, J., Segawa, T., Maeda, M., & Town, T. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.762658 · Cited by 57
Lauric Acid Alleviates Neuroinflammatory Responses by Activated Microglia: Involvement of the GPR40-Dependent Pathway
Nishimura, Y., Moriyama, M., Kawabe, K., Satoh, H., Takano, K., Azuma, Y.-T., & Nakamura, Y. (2018) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2587-7 · Cited by 56
Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein in neurons after intraventricular injection of colchicine.
Shigematsu, K., & McGeer, P. L. (1992) · PubMed Central · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Effects of melatonin on macrophages/microglia in postnatal rat brain
Kaur, C., & Ling, E. (1999) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1999.tb00578.x · Cited by 56
Iridoids and other monoterpenes in the Alzheimer’s brain: Recent development and future prospects
Habtemariam, S. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23010117 · Cited by 55
Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice
Emre, C., Arroyo-García, L. E., Do, K. V., Jun, B., Ohshima, M., Alcalde, S. G., Cothern, M. L., Maioli, S., Nilsson, P., Hjorth, E., et al. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03169-3 · Cited by 55
Risk and protective factors for sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Stožická, Z., Žilka, N., & Novák, M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and activated microglia is associated with lower neuron densities in the aphasic variant of Alzheimer’s disease
Ohm, D. T., Fought, A. J., Martersteck, A., Coventry, C., Sridhar, J., Gefen, T. D., Weıntraub, S., Bigio, E. H., Mesulam, M. M., Rogalski, E. J., et al. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12902 · Cited by 59
Microglia‐derived plasminogen enhances neurite outgrowth from explant cultures of rat brain
Nagata, K., Nakajima, K., Takemoto, N., Saitō, H., & Kohsaka, S. (1993) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0736-5748(93)90081-n · Cited by 55
Biology and Neuropathology of Dementia in Syphilis and Lyme Disease
(2008) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01272-9 · Cited by 52
Neuroinflammation and tumor necrosis factor signaling in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease
Tansey, M. G., & McAlpine (2008) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s4397 · Cited by 55
Effects of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Dementia
Yanai, H. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr2815w · Cited by 55
Gastrodin attenuates proliferation and inflammatory responses in activated microglia through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Yao, Y., Bian, L., Yang, P., Sui, Y., Li, R., Chen, Y.-L., Sun, L., Ai, Q., Zhong, L., & Lü, D. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.025 · Cited by 52
TNF gene polymorphism and its relation to intracerebral production of TNFα and TNFβ in AD
Tarkowski, E., Liljeroth, A., Nilsson, A. M., Ricksten, A., Davidsson, P., Minthon, L., & Blennow, K. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.11.2077 · Cited by 53
History of Innate Immunity in Neurodegenerative Disorders
McGeer, P. L., & McGeer, E. G. (2011) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2011.00077 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Neurodegenerative Alzheimer-like Pathology in PDAPP 717V → F Transgenic Mice
Games, D., Masliah, E., Lee, M., Johnson‐Wood, K., & Schenk, D. (1997) · Research and perspectives in Alzheimer's disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60680-9_8 · Cited by 52
Extracellular neurofibrillary tangles associated with degenerating neurites and neuropil threads in Alzheimer-type dementia
YAMAGUCHI, H., Nakazato, Y., Kawarabayashi, T., Ishiguro, K., Ihara, Y., Morimatsu, M., & Hirai, S. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00296369 · Cited by 51
Molecular and cellular mediators of Alzheimer's disease inflammation
Strohmeyer, R., & Rogers, J. (2001) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2001-3118 · Cited by 52
Antibodies to Cholinergic Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease
Chapman, J., Bachar, O., Korczyn, A. D., Wertman, E., & Michaelson, D. M. (1988) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01063.x · Cited by 51
The Controversy Surrounding the Pathogenesis of the Multiple Sclerosis Lesion
Lucchinetti, C. F., & Rodriguez, M. (1997) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/72.7.665 · Cited by 51
Regulation of microglia by glutamate and its signal pathway in neurodegenerative diseases
Zhang, X., Wang, D., Zhang, B., Zhu, J., Zhou, Z., & Cui, L. (2020) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.001 · Cited by 53
Chronic Apocynin Treatment Attenuates Beta Amyloid Plaque Size and Microglial Number in hAPP(751)SL Mice
Lull, M. E., Levesque, S., Surace, M. J., & Block, M. L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020153 · Cited by 53
Protective effects of bilobalide on Aβ25–35 induced learning and memory impairments in male rats
Yin, Y., Ren, Y., Wu, W., Wang, Y., Cao, M., Zhu, Z., Wang, M., & Li, W. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.005 · Cited by 50
Dual Effects of Human Placenta-Derived Neural Cells on Neuroprotection and the Inhibition of Neuroinflammation in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Kim, H. W., Lee, H., Kang, J. M., Bae, S., Kim, C., Lee, S., Schwarz, J., Kim, G. J., Kim, J.-S., Cha, D. H., et al. (2018) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/0963689718766324 · Cited by 50
Activated Microglia in Cortical White Matter Across Cognitive Aging Trajectories
Gefen, T. D., Kım, G., Bolbolan, K., Geoly, A. D., Ohm, D. T., Oboudiyat, C., Shahidehpour, R. K., RADEMAKER, A. W., Weıntraub, S., Bigio, E. H., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00094 · Cited by 50
Effector function of anti-pyroglutamate-3 Aβ antibodies affects cognitive benefit, glial activation and amyloid clearance in Alzheimer’s-like mice
Crehan, H., Liu, B., Kleinschmidt, M., Rahfeld, J., Le, K. X., Caldarone, B. J., Frost, J. L., Hettmann, T., Hutter‐Paier, B., O’Nuallain, B., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0579-8 · Cited by 48

Authors: McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Tago, H., & McGeer, E. G.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: McGeer, Patrick L.
ORCID: McGeer, Patrick L.
Venue: Neuroscience Letters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1987-08
Volume: 79
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 195-200
ISSN: 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90696-3
OpenAlex: W2074274825
Cited by: 836
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 14.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: reactive microglia, HLA-DR, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques, glial fibrillary acidic protein, astrocytes, choline acetyltransferase, hippocampus, neuroinflammation
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, HLA-D Antigens, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Neuroglia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks