Prefrontal cortex projections to the basilar pons in rhesus monkey: implications for the cerebellar contribution to higher function
Abstract
The feedforward limb of the cerebrocerebellar system is directed largely through the corticopontine pathway. We determined the extent to which higher order corticopontine projections are derived from prefrontal associative cortices by injecting anterograde tracers into multiple prefrontal regions in rhesus monkeys. Most prefrontopontine projections were derived from the dorsolateral and dorsomedial convexities, including areas 8A, 46 dorsal, 9, and 10; and lighter projections arose from medial and ventrolateral cortices. These findings strengthen the observation that the cerebrocerebellar system incorporates associative cerebral regions, and they enhance the notion that the cerebellum participates in the organization of cognitive function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These patterns of size-independently co-evolving brain structures correspond to brain systems that have been described in electrophysiological and anatomical tract-tracing studies in non-human primates and MRI studies in humans.
“These patterns of size-independently co-evolving brain structures correspond to brain systems that have been described in electrophysiological and anatomical tract-tracing studies in non-human primates [27–31] and MRI studies in humans [32–35]”
From Brain reorganization, not relative brain size, primarily characterizes anthropoid brain evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Berti, A. (1992) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90076-x · Cited by 4,190 · see citing works
Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 2,102 · see citing works
The autoradiographic demonstration of axonal connections in the central nervous system
Cowan, W. M., Gottlieb, D. I., Hendrickson, A. E., Price, J. L., & Woolsey, T. A. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90344-7 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939688 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction
(1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195062847.001.0001 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Motor sequence learning: a study with positron emission tomography
Jenkins, I., Brooks, D. J., Nixon, P., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Passingham, R. E. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-06-03775.1994 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Schmahmann, J. D. (1991) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530230086029 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive and language functions of the human cerebellum
Leiner, H. C., Leiner, A. L., & Dow, R. S. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-t · Cited by 753 · see citing works
IMPAIRED NON-MOTOR LEARNING AND ERROR DETECTION ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBELLAR DAMAGE
Fiez, J. A., Petersen, S. E., Cheney, M. K., & Raichle, M. E. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.1.155 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Architecture and Connections of Cortical Association Areas
Pandya, D. Ν., & Yeterian, E. H. (1985) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9619-3_1 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative architectonic analysis of the human and the macaque frontal cortex
Petrides, M. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Activation of a Cerebellar Output Nucleus During Cognitive Processing
Kim, S., Uǧurbil, K., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8052851 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Künzle, H., & Akert, K. (1977) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901730108 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Organization of the thalamo-cortical connexions to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey
Kievit, J., & Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1977) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00236173 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Glickstein, M., May, J., & Mercier, B. (1985) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902350306 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
THE CORTICOPONTINE PROJECTION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION
Brodal, P. (1978) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/101.2.251 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902890105 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citationStanton, G. B., Goldberg, M. E., & Bruce, C. J. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902710403 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N. (1991) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903080209 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902950212 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationIlinsky, I. A., & Kultas‐Ilinsky, K. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902620303 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Pandya, D. Ν., & Yeterian, E. H. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62676-x · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationCorticopontine projections from the cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey
Vilensky, J. A., & Hoesen, G. W. V. (1981) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90348-6 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Prelunate, occipitotemporal, and parahippocampal projections to the basis pontis in rhesus monkey
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903370107 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Thalamic Intralaminar Nuclei and the Cerebral Cortex
Macchi, G., & Bentivoglio, M. (1986) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2149-1_10 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Thalamic connections of the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey
Yeterian, E. H., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902820107 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neuropsychology of the Cerebellum: An Emerging Concept-Reply
Schmahmann, J. D. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530360027010 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cerebellar dentatothalamic connection: terminal field, lamellae, rods and somatotopy
Thach, W. T., & Jones, E. G. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90383-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
Schmahmann, J. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.4.561 · Cited by 3,230 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct cerebellar contributions to intrinsic connectivity networks
Habas, C., Kamdar, N., Nguyen, D., Prater, K., Beckmann, C. F., Menon, V., & Greicius, M. D. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1868-09.2009 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving.
Grant, S., London, E. D., Newlin, D. B., Villemagne, V. L., Liu, X., Contoreggi, C., Phillips, R. L., Kimes, A. S., & Margolin, A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.12040 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia
Andreasen, N. C., & Pierson, R. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.003 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Schmahmann, J. D. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9142-x · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Self-citationDefining the phenotype of schizophrenia: cognitive dysmetria and its neural mechanisms
Andreasen, N. C., Nopoulos, P., O’Leary, D. S., Miller, D. D., Wassink, T., & Flaum, M. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00152-3 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Anatomic Organization of the Basilar Pontine Projections from Prefrontal Cortices in Rhesus Monkey
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00438.1997 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationRojkova, K., Volle, E., Urbanski, M., Humbert, F., Dell’Acqua, F., & Thiebaut de Schotten, M. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1001-3 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
In vivo measurement of widespread synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease with SV2A PET
Mecca, A. P., Chen, M., O'Dell, R. S., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Godek, T. A., Harris, J. E., Bartlett, H. H., Zhao, W., Nabulsi, N. B., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12097 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1997) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60347-5 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Whitney, E. R., Kemper, T. L., Bauman, M. L., Rosene, D. L., & Blatt, G. J. (2008) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-008-0043-y · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Del Casale, A., Kotzalidis, G. D., Rapinesi, C., Serata, D., Ambrosi, E., Simonetti, A., Pompili, M., Ferracuti, S., Tatarelli, R., & Girardi, P. (2011) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000325223 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders
Baldaçara, L., Borgio, J. G. F., Lacerda, A. L. T. D., & Jackowski, A. P. (2008) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000300016 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Frontal lobe and posterior parietal contributions to the cortico-cerebellar system
Ramnani, N. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-011-0272-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Attention coordination and anticipatory control
Akshoomoff, N. A., Courchesne, E., & Townsend, J. (1997) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60371-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Goldberg, M. C., Lasker, A. G., Zee, D. S., Garth, E., Tien, A., & Landa, R. J. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00059-3 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Altered cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in geriatric depression
Alalade, E., Denny, K., Potter, G., Steffens, D., & Wang, L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020035 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Nabeyama, M., Nakagawa, A., Yoshiura, T., Nakao, T., Nakatani, E., Togao, O., Yoshizato, C., Yoshioka, K., Tomita, M., & Kanba, S. (2008) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.11.001 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Brain reorganization, not relative brain size, primarily characterizes anthropoid brain evolution
Smaers, J. B., & Soligo, C. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0269 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Ma, Q., Zeng, L.-L., Shen, H., Liu, L., & Hu, D. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Automatic and controlled processing in the corticocerebellar system
Ramnani, N. (2014) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63356-9.00010-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Intrinsic connectivity networks within cerebellum and beyond in eating disorders
Amianto, F., D’Agata, F., Lavagnino, L., Caroppo, P., Abbate-Daga, G., Righi, D., Scarone, S., Bergui, M., Mortara, P., & Fassino, S. (2013) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0471-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortex: Typical and atypical development
Dennis, M. (2006) · The Frontal Lobes · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545917.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Towards an integrative theory of consciousness: Part 1 (Neurobiological and cognitive models)
De Sousa, A. (2013) · Mens Sana Monographs · doi:10.4103/0973-1229.109335 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmahmann, Jeremy D.
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-10
- Volume
- 199
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 175-178
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997472785
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 16.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (16841)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, higher mental functions, anterograde tracing, rhesus monkeys, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebellum, Cognition, Macaca mulatta, Neural Pathways, Pons, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
