Cited by 891Language, Discourse, Communication StrategiesLinguistics and Language AnalysisSyntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation

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Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?

Blum-Kulka, Shoshana·1987·Journal of Pragmatics

DOI 10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5

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Logic and Conversation
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“For details of the study see Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), and Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (forthcoming).”
MethodSelf-citation
Indirect Speech Acts
Searle, J. R. (1975) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_004 · Cited by 804
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Research works printed but not linked: 3

Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, in press. The multifunctionality of discourse markers: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper, eds., forthcoming. Cross-cultural pragmatics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Dascal, 1983, Vol. 1
Katriel Tamar, forthcoming. ‘Dugri’ speech: Talking straight in Israeli ‘Sabra’ culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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BackgroundResult
Designing interactive, automated dialogues for L2 pragmatics learning
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“However, Blum-Kulka (1987) mediated Leech’s stance, arguing that in order to be polite every speaker has to strike a balance between pragmatic clarity and avoiding coerciveness.”
Background
Investigating Pragmatic Competence, Metapragmatic Awareness and Speech Act Strategies among Turkmen-Persian Bilingual and Persian Monolingual EFL Learners: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
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“These speech acts have received a great deal of attention in cross-cultural pragmatics too (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Blum-Kulka, House, & Kasper, 1989; Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984; Otcu & Zeyrek, 2008; Rose & Ng, 2001).”
Background
Negation
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“10 Críticas al modelo de Brown y Levinson (1987) en esta área se pueden encontrar en Blum-Kulka (1987) y Bravo (1999), entre otros.”
Background
Pragmatics in foreign language instruction: the effects of pedagogical intervention and technology on the development of efl learners' realization of request
Cıfuentes, L., Eslami, Z. R., & Liu, C.-N. (2007) · Cited by 12
Children’s Production and Comprehension of Politeness in Requests
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“Regarding the direction of the effect for indirectness, Blum-Kulka (1987) argued that contrary to prior research in this area, indirectness does not parallel politeness.”
Result
Contextualizing intercultural communication and sociopragmatic choices
Mei, L.-W. S. (2002) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/mult.2002.005 · Cited by 12
Routine and Indirection in Interlanguage Pragmatics.
Kasper, G. (1995) · Cited by 12
Cognitive basis of gender communication: A cross‐cultural investigation of perceived constraints in requesting
Kim, M., & Bresnahan, M. (1996) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463379609370000 · Cited by 12
The representation of African humanism in the narrative writings of Es'kia Mphahlele
Rafapa, L. (2005) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 12
Routine Politeness Formulae in Persian: A Socio-Lexical Analysis of Greetings, Leave-taking, Apologizing, Thanking and Requesting
Saberi, K. (2012) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/4941 · Cited by 12
Self-compassion, mental health shame and work motivation in German and Japanese employees
Kotera, Y., Mayer, C., & Vanderheiden, E. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2148829 · Cited by 13
“…German workplaces to some degree (Schomerus et al., 2012), in the individualistic, and relatively uncertainty tolerant culture of Germany, direct and honest communication, even when revealing a socially unfavourable matter, is preferred for its efficiency (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Hickey & Stewart, 2005).”
Background
Polite impoliteness? How power, gender and language background shape request strategies in English as a Business Lingua Franca (BELF) in corporate email exchanges
Hofweber, J. E., & Jaworska, S. (2022) · Journal of English as a Lingua Franca · doi:10.1515/jelf-2022-2085 · Cited by 11
RESEMBLANCE OF INDIRECTNESS IN POLITENESS OF EFL LEARNERS’ REQUEST REALIZATIONS
Syahri, I. (2013) · Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.17509/ijal.v3i1.197 · Cited by 11
“That is why Blum-Kulka (1992) considered ‘mood derivable’ as one of direct strategies.”
Managed confrontation and the managed heart: gendered teacher talk through reported speech
LeBlanc, R. J. (2018) · Classroom Discourse · doi:10.1080/19463014.2018.1441728 · Cited by 11
“Blum-Kulka (1987) and others have noted that indirectness is a key part of language use, allowing speakers to hedge, to deny claims later on, and to develop sociability with their interlocutors.”
Background
How (not) to be rude: Facilitatingthe acquisition of L2 (im)politeness
Rieger, C. L. (2018) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/ip-2018-0023 · Cited by 11
Social Media in Emergent Brazil
Spyer, J. (2017) · UCL Press eBooks · doi:10.14324/111.9781787351653 · Cited by 11
The Effect of Instruction on the Development of Pragmatic Competence
Salehi, M. (2013) · CPS International Journal of Social Science Research · doi:10.14239/ijssr.2013.01203 · Cited by 11
Transferability of L1 Indirect Request Strategies to L2 Contexts.
Takahashi, S. (1993) · Cited by 11
Utilitarian relevance and face management in the interpretation of ambiguous question/request statements
Demeure, V., Bonnefon, J., & Raufaste, É. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.4.873 · Cited by 11

Authors: Blum-Kulka, S.
Venue: Journal of Pragmatics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1987-04
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Pages: 131-146
ISSN: 0378-2166 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5
OpenAlex: W1974543382
Cited by: 891
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 29.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Pragmatics (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Keywords: indirectness, politeness, requests, politeness theory, coerciveness, face, hints, Hebrew language, English language

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